Exercise Phys Flashcards
The form of resistance where you resist the movement of an object is referred to as…
eccentric training
What is the most appropriate levels of resistance and repetitions to be used in a resistance training program for the development of muscular strength? (high/low)
high resistance, low reps
The increase in the number of individual muscle fibers is referred to as….
Hyperplasia
The basic difference between a power movement and a strength movement is…
The speed of movement
The increase in strength with resistance training results from which of the following: hypertrophy of the muscle; increased motor unit recruitment; synchronization; all of the above
All of the above
Fiber-type conversion has been shown to occur under which of the following conditions: cross-inervation of motor nerve to muscle fibers; chronic stimulation of FT motor units with low-frequency nerve stimulation; both; there is no conversion.
Both
DOMS experienced 24-48 hours after a heavy bout of exercise from…
muscle fiber damage
Which of the folowing types of athletes would be expected to have the higherst % of fast-twitch fibers in the muscles of their legs? Sprinter; shot putter; mid distance runner; long distance runner
Sprinter
Other than genetics, what exerts the most significant control on whether a muscle fiber is of a Type I or Type II fiber type?
The type of neruon that stimulates it
The major metabolic waste product that causes the muscles and blood to have a lower pH during exercise of increasing intensity is…
Lactate
The motor unit is composed of..
Motor neuron and muscle fibers
The primary system for providing energy for a 2 hour bout of work is the
oxidative
The thick filament comprising the myofibril is known as
myosin
The actual shortening of muscle during muscle contractions is a function of …
Cross-bridges
Two major neurotransmitters involved in regulating our physiological responses to exercises are…
norepinephrine and acetylcholine
Which of the following is a potential explanation for the neurogenic component of gains in muscular strength with resistance training? Periodization; transient hypertrophy; removal of autogenic inhibition; neurogenic facilitation
Removal of autogenic inhibition
Calcium ions, responsible for turning on muscle contraction, are stored in the …
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Long distance runners have been found to set their races at a pace equivalent to their…
lactate threshold
Which of the following activities would result in the greatest degree of muscle soreness within 24 to 48 hours after the exercise? Running uphil at 6 mph, 10% grade; running on the level at 6 mph; running downhill at 6 mph, 10% grade; there would be identical degrees of soreness
Downhill
With variable or accommodating resistance training machines, how does the resistance vary?
In a manner attempting to replicate the strength curve
Which form of training has the potential to dynamically load the muscle maximally throught the full range of motion?
Isokinetic
What part of the central nervous system integrates motor function and movement?
Cerebellum
Which of the following are examples of the type of sensory information detected by a proprioceptive sensor? Pain in an internal organ; pain and joint angle; muscle tension, tendon tension, deep pressure; heat and cold.
Muscle tension, tendon tension, deep pressure
Which of the following types of athletes would be expected to have the highest percentage of ST fivers in the muscles of their legs? Sprinter; shot putter; weight lifter; long distance runner.
Long distance runner
The _______ muscle fibers constitute approximately 50% of the total muscle fibers in a given muscle in the normal, nonathletic population.
Type I
Which of the following factos has the greatest influence on energy expenditure during running? Age, gender, training status, body weight.
Body weight
The one repetition maximum is a functional measure of
Strength
Anaerobic training results in which of the following changes with the muscle? Increased muscle respiratory capacity; increase in oxidative enzymes; increase in glycolytic enzymes; none of the above
Increase in glycolytic enzymes
Carbohydrate is the predominant energy substrate at exercise intensity levels of greater than ….
70% maximal oxygen uptake
As a result of aerobic training, the body is able to depend more on _____ as the substrate for muscle contraction.
Fat
All out maximal exercise of 1 min duration would stress which system(s)?
The glycolytic system
During repeated days of exercise in a hot and humid environment, what blood related measurements are decreased?
Hemoglobin and hematocrit
Which system provides energy through aerobic metabolism?
oxidative
Lactate threshold is one of the best predictors of
distance running performance
Two high energy compounds critical for all physical activity are…
ATP and PCR
Endurance training results in greater storage of muscle …
triglyceride and glycogen
With endurance training, mitochondia increase or decrease in size and number?
Increase in both size and number
__________ delivers oxygen from the muscle cell membrane to the mitochondria.
Myoglobin
T/F: Plasma insulin levels increase during exercise to assure msucle glucose uptake remains high.
FALSE
T/F: Maximal oxygen uptake is regarded as one of the best single indicators of one’s capacity for endurance exercise.
TRUE
T/F: Children should not participate in resistance training programs as the risk of injury far outweighs any benefits to be gained.
FALSE
T/F: The rate of energy release from chemical compainds is facilitated by special proteins called enzymes.
TRUE
T/F: The two major muscle fiber types, ST and FT, have been shown to undergo conversion from on type to the other with cross-enervation.
TRUE
T/F: Fast-Twitch muscle fibers are best suited for glycolytic energy production.
TRUE
T/F: Amino acids are the primary source of energy during sprint exercise.
FALSE
T/F: Carbohydrates (ie. Glucose) are the major source of fuel during most types of exercise, and fat generally contributes an insignificant amount to the energy supply of the exercising muscles.
FALSE
T/F: Golgi tendon organs monitor the length of a muscle, whereas muscle spindles are sensitive to tension in the muscle-tendon complex.
FALSE
Calcium ions, responsible for turning the muscles on are stored in the…
sarcoplasmic reticulum
During exercise of increasing intensity, the point at which blood lactate begins to accumulate above resting levels is called the ____________.
lactate threshold
The fuel source most likely to to limit endurance is …
Glycogen
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are referred to as ….
catecholamines
Extreme muscle soreness results primarily after a bout of ______ exercise.
eccentric
Lowering a heavy weight from the fully extended position in the two-arm curl is an example of what kind of muscle contraction?
Eccentric
The actual shortening of muscle during muscle contraction is due to the action of _____, which enable the thin filaments to slide past the thick filaments.
Cross-bridges
Plyometrics enhance what anatomical area?
neuromuscular mechanisms
The contract relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training will stretch the:
GTA (Golgi Tendon Apparatus)
Which energy system is predominate in endurance activities?
oxidative
The maximum force capability of a muscle is INVERSELY related to…
the velocity of a concentric contraction
Glycogen used for energy production is stored in the muscle cell’s _____
Mitochondria
