Foot and Ankle Flashcards
How many arches are there in the foot, what forms them and what is there function?
Bones of foot forms a longitudinal and transverse arch which are supported by ligaments and muscles and purpose is to store, transmit and absorb forces during walking.
How do we measure whether a toe is abducting or adducting?
Abduction and adduction takes place with respect to the 2nd digit.
What tarsal(s) articulate with the tibia and fibula?
Talus only tarsal to articulate with the tibia and fibular.
What tarsal forms the heel?
Calcaneus forms the heel
Whats special about the cuboid in comparison to the other tarsals?
Cuboid articulates with last two metatarsals.
Which ligaments form the ankle joint?
2 ligaments support the ankle made up of different parts. The medial ligament (from Tibionavicular, Tibiocalcaneal, anterior and posterior tibiotalar parts) and the lateral ligament (from the anterior and posterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament).
What movements take place at the ankle?
Only plantarflexion and dorsiflexion takes place at the ankle joint.
Where does eversion and inversion take place?
Eversion and inversion takes place at the subtalar joint which is formed from talus and calcaneus with three ligaments – the posterior, medial and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments.
What does the range of movement at the ankle and subtalar joint allow the foot to ahcieve?
All of these movement allow for the foot to remain stable when walking on uneven grounds.
How are the metatarsals joined together?
All the metatarsals are joined together by the transverse metatarsal ligament.
Describe the tarsal tunnel.
Tarsal tunnel (medial side of foot) is formed by the flexor retinaculum (connecting from the medial malleolus of tibial to calcaneus) which is continuous with deep fascia of leg and plantar aponeurosis. It contains the tendon of: tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery (and veins), tibial nerve and flexor hallucis longus (from front to back). All the tendons are wrapped in synovial sheaths.
How are tendons passing over the foot prevented from bowing?
2 extensor retinaculum to prevent bowing of the tendons – superior and inferior which both contain the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and extensor Digitorum. Inferior ones is Y shaped with the top of the Y medially.
What is the fibular retinaculum?
On the lateral side is a fibular retinaculum which contains Fibularis longus and brevis.
What structure do the tendons in the foot enter to prevent bowing?
Tendons of flexor Digitorum longus and brevis and flexor hallucis brevis enter fibrous sheaths and synovial membranes when the reach the phalanges, this is to prevent bowing. The extensor tendons are kept in place by extensor hoods.
Which tarsal is potentially problematic to fracture?
Fracture of the talus can be problematic due to its poor blood supply.
