Foot and Ankle 1

Question 1

How many tarsal bones are there?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

What are the 2 tarsals bones in the proximal group?

Answer 2

Talus and Calcaneus

Question 3

What tarsal bone is in the intermediate group?

Answer 3

Navicular

Question 4

What tarsal bones are in the distal group?

Answer 4

Cuboid, Lateral Cuneiform, Intermediate Cuneiform and Medial Cuneiform

Question 5

What are the 4 parts of the metatarsal?

Answer 5

Metatarsal Head, Metatarsal Neck, Metatarsal Shaft, Metatarsal base.

Question 6

What are the 3 parts of the phalangeal bones?

Answer 6

Distal Phalanges, Intermediate Phalanges, Proximal Phalanges

Question 7

What is the name of the joint between the distal and intermediate phalanges?

Answer 7

Distal Interphalangeal Joint

Question 8

What is the name of the joint between the intermediate and proximal phalanges?

Answer 8

Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

Question 9

Where is the Interphalangeal Joint?

Answer 9

On the first digit, in between distal and proximal phalange

Question 10

What is the name of the joint between the metatarsals and proximal phalanges?

Answer 10

Metatarsophalangeal Joint

Question 11

What are the primary ossification centres of the foot and ankle?

Answer 11

Phalanges
Metatarsals
Cuboid
Talus
Calcaneus

Question 12

What are the secondary ossification centres of the foot and ankle?

Answer 12

Phalanges (epiphyses)
Metatarsals (epiphyses)
Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Navicular
Talus
Calcaneus

Question 13

What are the 3 regions of the foot?

Answer 13

Hindfoot
Midfoot
Forefoot

Question 14

What bones are in the Hindfoot?

Answer 14

Talus and Calcaneus

Question 15

What bones are in the Midfoot?

Answer 15

Navicular, Cuboid and Cuneiforms

Question 16

What bones are in the forefoot?

Answer 16

Metatarsals and Phalanges

Question 17

What are the 3 bones of the ankle?

Answer 17

Talus, Tibia and Fibula

Question 18

What are the ROM for the foot and ankle?

Answer 18

dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion

Question 19

What are the routine projections for a foot x-ray?

Answer 19

DP/AP
Medial Oblique
Lateral

Question 20

What are the routine projections for an ankle x-ray?

Answer 20

AP
Mortise
Lateral

Question 21

What are the routine projections for Tibia and Fibula X-Ray?

Answer 21

AP
Lateral

Question 22

What are clinical indications for the foot?

Answer 22

foot trauma
bony tenderness at the base of the 5th metatarsal
bony tenderness at thenavicular bone
inability to weight-bear more than four steps
non-traumatic foot pain

Question 23

What are clinical indications for the ankle?

Answer 23

ankle trauma
bony tenderness at the posterior edge or the tip of the lateral malleolus
bony tenderness at the posterior edge or the tip medial malleolus
inability to weight bear
non-traumatic ankle pain

Question 24

What are clinical indications for the tib/fib?

Answer 24

trauma
obvious deformity following major midshaft impaction
suspected foreign body
inability to weight bear
osteomyelitis

Question 25

What is a DP routine projection X-ray of the foot?

Answer 25

Dorsoplantar - From the top to the bottom of the foot.

Question 26

What are the additional x-ray projections of the foot?

Answer 26

Calcaneus ; Axial Lateral

Question 27

What are the additional x-ray projections of the ankle?

Answer 27

AP Stress View

Question 28

What are the clinical indications for a calcaneus x-ray projection?

Answer 28

fall from a significant height onto feet axial loading on the talus during deceleration in a motor vehicle accident  inability to weight bear violent twisting injuries  pathological processes e.g. osteoporosis, tumours or cysts

Question 29

What are the clinical indications for an AP stress view projection?

Answer 29

Suspicion of syndesmotic injury after trauma

Question 30

What are the additional x-ray projections of the foot?

Answer 30

Calcaneus; Axial Lateral

Question 31

base of metatarsal joint forms tarsometatarsal joint - all of them together are called what?

Answer 31

Lisfranc joint

Question 32

What is inversion of the foot?

Answer 32

sole of foot rolling inwards

Question 33

What is an evulsion fracture?

Answer 33

fragment of bone has come off when a tendon has been ripped

Question 34

When would the Ottawa ankle rules be applied?

Answer 34

When the patient is over 2 years old, with ankle or midfoot pain / tenderness within the setting of trauma

Question 35

What are the Ottawa ankle rules for the ankle?

Answer 35

Pain in the malleolar zone AND Bone tenderness at posterior edge or tip of lateral malleolus OR Bone tenderness at posterior edge or tip of medial malleolus OR Inability to bear weight both immediately after injury AND in ED.

Question 36

Why were the Ottawa rules created?

Answer 36

To reduce A&E wait times and not subjecting patients to ionisating radiation and cost

Question 37

What are the Ottawa ankle rules for the foot?

Answer 37

Pain in the midfoot zone AND Bone tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal OR Bone tenderness at navicular OR Inability to bear weight both immediately after injury AND in ED.

Question 38

How do you know if the ankle is in mortise view and not AP view?

Answer 38

Mortise view slightly internally rotated 20 degrees meaning fibula is not superimposed. In an AP view, the fibular is superimposed.

Question 39

In an axial calcaneus x-ray, why is the tube tilt at 40 degrees cephalad?

Answer 39

To elongate the calcaneus