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Athletic Training > foot > Flashcards

foot Flashcards

1
Q

what is the foot designed for?

4 things

A
  • strength
  • stability
  • flexibilty
  • cooridniation
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2
Q

how many phalange bones are there

A
  • 14
  • 5: prox
  • 4: mid
  • 5: distal
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3
Q

what is the function of the arches of the foot

3 things

A
  • assist in support of body
  • absorb shock
  • space for vessels/nerves/muscles
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4
Q

job of innerlogintudinal arch

A

serves for movement

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5
Q

what is the inner longitudinal arch composed of

A
  • calca
  • talas
  • navicular
  • 1st cuneiform
  • 1st metatars
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6
Q

what is the supporting lig of the inner long arch

A
  • plantar calcaneonavicular log

- returns arch to orginal position after being stretch

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7
Q

job of outer long arch

A

support

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8
Q

what side of foot is the outer long arch on?

what is it comprised of

A
  • lateral
  • calcan
  • cuboid
  • 5th metatars
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9
Q

what is the anterior metatars arch shaped by

A

heads of metatarsals

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10
Q

where is the transverse arch?

A

across transverse bones

-cuboid and cuneiform

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11
Q

what is the mortis?

A

made by malleoli of tib and fib

-talis sits inside of this

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12
Q

ligs on the lat side

5 of them

A
  • ant tibiofibular
  • pos tibiofibular
  • ant talofibular
  • calcaneofibular
  • post talotibular
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13
Q

what ligs of the foot are the most easily injured

A
  • ant talofib ***
  • calcaneofibular
  • post talofibular
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14
Q

ligs on medial side

A

deltoid (3 parts)

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15
Q

muscles of anterior compartment/main movement of these muscles

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor hallicus longus
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • main move: doriflex
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16
Q

muscles making up the lateral compartment/main movement

A
  • peroneus longus
  • peroneus brevis
  • peroneus tertius
  • main move: eversion
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17
Q

what is the peroneal retinaculum

A

hold peroneal tendons in place at ankle

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18
Q

where does the sup and inf peroneal retinaculum hold the tendons

A

sup: behind lat malleolus
inf: below lat malleolus

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19
Q

what muslces are in the superficial posterior compartment

main movement

A

-gastrconemius
-soleus/plantaris
main move: planta flex

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20
Q

what muscles are in the deep posterior compartment

A
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor hallicus longus
  • flexor digitorum longs
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21
Q

where does the flexor retinaculum hold the tendons

A

behind the med malleolus

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22
Q

what is a bunion

A

thickening of bursa

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23
Q

signs and symptoms of bunion

A
  • swelling
  • redness
  • pain from abnorm pressure/pressure of bursa inflam
24
Q

mechanism of bunion

A

shoe too narrow or short

25
Q

treatment of bunion

A
  • ice
  • ultrasound
  • reposition toe
26
Q

what is hallux valgus

A

deform of 1st metatars jnt caused by valgus move of great toe

27
Q

what is turf toe

A

sprain of 1st MP jnt

28
Q

mechanism and treatment of turf toe

A

mech: hyperexten of great toe
treat:
- ice
- tape toe in neutral position
- shoes to prevent hyperextension

29
Q

what causes pain in atnerior metatars arch

A

-supporting ligs/muscles lose ability to retain metatars heads in dome

30
Q

what results from pain in anterior metatars arch

A
  • falling arch shape
  • places pressure on nerves and blood vesels
  • changes the way you walk
31
Q

treatment of pain in anterior metatars arch

A
  • ice
  • rest
  • whirlpool exercises
  • metatars arch pad
  • orthotics/better fitting shoes
32
Q

what is the result of pain in inner long arch

A

-foot will pronate and pull on tendons

33
Q

special treat for pain in inner long arch

A

tape inner long arch and strengthen foot flexors

34
Q

what is the proper term for “shin spint”

what are they?

A
  • medial tibial stress syndrome

- dull aching pain along anterior crest of tibia and fib during running

35
Q

prevention of shin splints

A
  • proper fitting shoes

- run on soft ground

36
Q

causes of shin splints

5 of them

A
  • lack of ROM/flexibility/stength
  • aka lack of conditioning
  • running on hard ground
  • change athletic shoes
  • weak/flat long arch
37
Q

treatment of shin splints

A
  • ice massage
  • exercises
  • tape top of malleoli around arch
38
Q

what exercises can you do to treat shin splints

A
  • pick up marbles w/ toes

- srunch towel under arch of foot

39
Q

how is the retinaculum involved in shin splints

A
  • ret spreads

- tendons raise and muscles pull away from bone

40
Q

what is plantar fascitis

A

-inflam of plantar fascitis

41
Q

order of ligs to be sprained in inversion ankle sprain

A
  • 1st: ant talo tib
  • 2nd: calcaneofibular
  • 3rd: post talo/ant tib fib
42
Q

how to perform eversion stress test
stresses what?
what are you looking for?

A
  • move talus and calc into eversion
  • stresses deltoid lig
  • look: increase pain and increased ROM
43
Q

how to perform side to side movement of talus
what does it test for?
looking for what?

A
  • move calc and talus from side to side
  • testing: high nakle sprain
  • look: thud as talus hits fib b/c mortus widened
44
Q

how to perform anterior drawer test of ankle
what are you testing?
what are you looking for?

A
  • ankle slight dorsi flex
  • one hand hold lower tib and exert slight post force
  • other hand on post calc and attempt to bring calc forward
  • test: ant talo fib
  • look: excessive forward movement
45
Q

how to perform talor tilt (inversion test)
what are you testing?
what are you looking for?

A
  • attempt to tilt talu into inversion
  • test: ant talo fib and calcaneofibular
  • look: laxitity and pain
46
Q

signs and symptoms of 1st degree anke sprain

6 of them

A
  • person may walk
  • little to no pain
  • tenderness at site
  • pain when lig stretched
  • little to no swell
  • 3-7 days
47
Q

signs and symptoms of 2nd degree ankle sprain

6 of them

A
  • same as 1st but more intense
  • be able to bear weight but not walk
  • pain w/ norm ROM/tender at site
  • more pain than 1st when stressed
  • abnorm movement in ROM
  • 2-4 weeks
48
Q

signs and symptoms of 3rd degree sprain of ankle

7 of them

A
  • complete loss of func’t/cant bear wt
  • spasm restricts ROM
  • severe tenderness over area
  • excessive dicoloration/swelling almost immediately
  • may go into shock
  • 6-8weks
  • w/ fracture 4-6 weeks
49
Q

pre treatment procedure for cyro

-prepare patient physically

A
  • make sure injury has been evaluated
  • remove clothing
  • position patient comfotablly
50
Q

pre treatment procedure for cyro

-prepare patient psychologically

A

-explain 4 sensations of ice

explain that the ice will be painful but it will be worth it

51
Q

procedure of cryo

A
  • apply ice thru 4 sensations
  • goal of ice is to get to numbness
  • exercise the area
  • repeat making usre patient reaches numbness in btwn exercises
52
Q

keys ideas about cryo

A
  • all exercises should be actie
  • exercises shold be graded by pain
  • go thru complete ROM
  • exercises performed w/o brace
53
Q

two bursa of the achilles tendon

A

superficial retrocalcaneal bursa: btwn skin and tendon

deep “: btwn tendon and calcaneus

54
Q

division of foot

A
  • forefoot: metatars and frwd
  • mid foot: navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms
  • hindfoot: talus and calcaneus
55
Q

where does the talus sit?

A

under the mortis and above the sustentaculum tali on calcan

56
Q

what movements do the transerve foot bones allow

A
  • rotaiton
  • inversion
  • eversion
57
Q

what are the sesamoid bones in foot
what function do they serve
where are they located

A

-located: 1st metatarsal phalangeal jnt
-flexor hallucis brevis tendon found inbtwn them
function:
-assist in reducing pressure in wt bearing
-alleviate friction during movement
-act as sliding pulleys for tendon

Athletic Training (8 decks)

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