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Athletic Training > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Active range of motion

A

movement executed w/o assistance

actively contracting muscles

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2
Q

Passive range of motion

A

movement of body part by another person or device w/o effort

-muscles dont contract

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3
Q

Resistive range of motion

A

movement performed against resistance

-muscles active

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4
Q

symptom

A

change in body thar is subjectively described by person

-you cant see it

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5
Q

example of a symptom

A
  • headache
  • numbness
  • pain
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6
Q

sign

A

objective indication of injury determined by examiner

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7
Q

exmaple of a sign

A
  • swelling
  • skin color
  • deformities
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8
Q

first 5 steps to eval

A
  1. rule out life threatening situation
  2. history of injury
    - specific to that injury
  3. history of individual
    - find out what is normal movement
  4. observation
    - eyes only
  5. palpation
    - start away from injured area
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9
Q

6-10 of steps to eval

A
  1. test structural integrity
    - check all pulses
    - ROM
    - check nerves
  2. test functional activity
    - this happens only if we suspect injury is mild
  3. decision and action
  4. re-evaluate
    - continues until back to normal
  5. record results
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10
Q

RICE stands for…

A
  • rest
  • ice
  • compression
  • elevate
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11
Q

benefits of ice

3 of them

A
  • decrease circulation
  • decrease cell metabolism
  • decrease pain and muscle spasms
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12
Q

what is secondary hypoxic injury

A

-decreases cells need for
O2
-dying cells effect celsl around them

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13
Q

benefits of compression

A

limit internal bleeding to stop edema from time of injury

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14
Q

benefits of elevation

A

helps venous return

limits circulation to injured area

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15
Q

timline of sensations during icing

A

0-3 min: cold/pain
2-7 min: burning/aching
5-12 min: numbness
tingling happens thru out whole time

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16
Q

types of ice treatment

4 if them

A
  • cold pack/towel
  • ice massage
  • ice immersion
  • cold whilrpool
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17
Q

what is a hemorrage?

A

escaping blood thru walls of blood vesseels/ruptured vessels

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18
Q

arterial hem

A
  • rapid flow

- bright red blood

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19
Q

venus hem

A
  • rapid/steady

- dark blood

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20
Q

capillary hem

A

oozing or gradual seepage of blood

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21
Q

how do you control a hem?

A
  • direct pressure
  • elevation
  • cut off pressure points
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22
Q

steps taken during emergency

A
  • assess vital signs
  • treat for shock
  • emergency action plan
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23
Q

what is a vital sign?

A

indicated status of cardio respiratory system and CNS

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24
Q

what are the four vital signs?

A
  • pulse: 60-90 bt/min
  • resp rate/quality: 12-20 breaths/min
  • BP: 120/80-110/70
  • temp
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25
Q

what is shock?

A

heart is unable to exert adequate pressure to circulate enough oxygenated blood to vital organs

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26
Q

shock is due to…

A
  • damaged heart
  • decreased blood volume
  • blood vessel dilation
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27
Q

shock results in

A

-heart beats faster
-pulse is weak
b/c blood volume is so low

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28
Q

situations that can lead to shock

5 of them

A
  • extreme temp exposure
  • extreme fatigue
  • extreme dehydration
  • severe injury
  • illness
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29
Q

signs/symptoms of shock

5 of them

A
  • low BP
  • systolic < 90
  • pulse weak and rapid
  • resp shallow and rapid
  • may appear drowsy and sluggish
30
Q

treatment for shock

6 of them

A
  • control bleeding if present
  • maintain normal body temp
  • postion body in comfortable position
  • raise feet if no head or chest injury
  • O2 treatment if avail
  • alleviate pain
31
Q

what is an Emergency Action Plan

A

written document that is comprehensive yet flexible enough to adapt to any emergency in any setting

32
Q

what should a EAP include

7 of them

A
  • personnel w/ qualification
  • equipment needed to carry out any emergency tasks
  • mode of communication
  • method of transportation
  • facility to which patient will be taken
  • documentation verifying implecation and eval
  • documentation of review and rehersal
33
Q

types of heat illness

A
  • heat cramps
  • heat exhaustion
  • heat stroke
34
Q

prevention of heat illness

7 of them

A
  • gradual increase intensity of work
  • gradual increase of clothing worn
  • weight records
  • well balance diet
  • identify suspectible indivi
  • fluid replacement pre/during/post
  • temp/humid readings
35
Q

how much water do you lose in one lb

A

24 oz

36
Q

who is a suspectible individ for heat illness

6 of them

A
  • age extremes
  • excessive body wt (in muscle of fat)
  • pooly acclimatize or conditioned
  • atheletes who constantly compete at capacity
  • salt/H2O depletion
  • athlete with infection, GI disturbance, illness
37
Q

signs and symptoms of heat cramps

4 of them

A
  • thirst
  • sweating
  • fatigue
  • muscles cramps
38
Q

signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion vs heat stroke

A

exhau: skin is clammy and gray
stroke: skin is dry and red

39
Q

hyponatremia

A

very low sodium ions in blood

40
Q

signs and symptoms of hyponatremia

4 of them

A

-nauseau
cramping
-bloated stomach
-swelling in fingers/toe

41
Q

safe location for lightning

A
  • large enclosed structure with pluming and electricity

- fully enclosed metal vehicle

42
Q

NATA lightning safety

5 of them

A
  • lightning safety policy
  • designated weather watcher
  • monitor local weather
  • designated safe location
  • 30:30 rule, when lightning 30 secs away, 30 mins after last strike
43
Q

3 methods of moving athlete

A
  • log roll
  • lift/slide
  • straddle lift and slide
44
Q

3 types of splints

A
  • homemade
  • air-splint: possible to move fx
  • vacuum splint: immobilize in spot you found
45
Q

effects of heat

6 of them

A
  • increase extensibility of collogen
  • decrease joint stiffness
  • decrease pain
  • decrease muscle spasm
  • decrease inflammation
  • increase blood flow
46
Q

when do you heat

A

3 days after injury

47
Q

conduction

A

transfer heat btwn 2 objects in contact

48
Q

convection

A

medium such as air or H2O move across body

-more rapid

49
Q

conversion

A

changing another form of energy to heat

ex chem to heat

50
Q

when do you not use heat?

5 of them

A
  • acute injury
  • impaired circulation or sensation
  • imparied thermal reg
  • directly of eyes of genitals
  • abdomen during preg
51
Q

inflammatory response

A
  • injury
  • primary trauma: damage to connective tissue, nerve, and muscle
  • dmaged to nerve= pain
  • cellualr debris: release chems to tell body there is injury
  • extra vascular hemmorrage = swelling
  • fibrin and platelets close damaged vessels
52
Q

3 forces that cause muscle injury

A
  • compression: comes from one side
  • shearing: two running perp
  • tension: two from either side
53
Q

causes of muscle injury

4 of them

A
  • overtraning
  • strcut abnorm
  • lack of flex
  • poor biomechan
54
Q

strain

A

stretch or tear of muscle tendon unit

55
Q

3 degrees of strain

A
  • 1st: stretching of some part of unit
  • 2nd: fibers torn but still intact
  • 3rd: fibers torn/ruptured completely
56
Q

contusion lead to

A

myositis ossification

57
Q

myositis ossification

A

severe blow to body where muscle impacts the bone and bone starts forming new bone

58
Q

muscle compartment syndrome

A
  • fascia around muscle does not exapand
  • as muscle get larger it puts pressure on fascia
  • increase pressure on blood flow and nerve transmission
  • decreased O2 and blood flow
59
Q

muscle hernia

A

muscle leave spaces it supposeto occupy and occupys a diff space

60
Q

complete tendon rupture

A
  • happens when extreme overload

- there will be no strenth in ROM

61
Q

partial tendon rupture

A
  • only a few fibers of tendon rupture

- treat like tendonitis

62
Q

tendonitis

A

inflamation of tendon or surrounding tissue

63
Q

signs and symptoms of tendonitis

A

-swelling
pain on movement
-point tenderness

64
Q

treatment for tendonitis

A
  • rest and ice
  • stretch
  • strengthen
  • antiinflamatories
  • gradual return
65
Q

greenstick fracture

A

incompete break of not yet ossified bone

66
Q

comminuted fracture

A

three of more fragments

67
Q

impacted fracture

A

bone will shrink

long bone recieves force on long axis

68
Q

spiral fracture

A

an S shape seperation

69
Q

contrecoup fracture

A

side opposite of impact

70
Q

stress fracture

A

weakness in bone

Athletic Training (8 decks)

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