Foot

Question 1

Extensor digitorum brevis

Answer 1

O: dorsal surface of calcaneus
I: Middle and distal phalanges of #2-4 (merges with tendon of EDL) as part of DDE
A: Extension of #2-4 @ MTP, PIPs and DIPs
N: Deep fibular
Art: dorsalis pedis

Question 2

Extensor hallucis brevis

Answer 2

O: dorsal surface of calcaneus
I: dorsal surface of big toe (prox phalanx)
A: Extension of 1st digit at MTP
N: Deep fibular
Art: Dorsalis pedis

Question 3

What muscles make up the dorsal surface of the foot?

Answer 3

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis

Question 4

What muscles make up Layer 1 of the foot?

Answer 4

Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi pedis
Flexor digitorum brevis

Question 5

What makes up Layer 2 of the foot?

Answer 5

Quadratus plantae

Lumbricales pedis

Question 6

What makes up Layer 3 of the foot?

Answer 6

Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi pedis (brevis)
Adductor hallucis

Question 7

What makes up Layer 4 of the foot?

Answer 7

Plantar interossei

Dorsal interossei pedis

Question 8

Abductor hallucis

Answer 8

O: calaneal tuberosity and plantar fascia and flexor retinaculum
I: Proximal phalanx of 1st toe (medial/plantar side)
A: Abduction of 1st digit at MTP (some flexion)
N: Medial plantar nerve
Art: Medial plantar artery

Question 9

Abductor digiti minimi pedis

Answer 9

O: Calcaneal tuberosity and plantar fascia
I: Proximal phalanx of little toe (lateral side)
A: Abduction of 5th digit at MTP joint (some flexion)
N: lateral plantar nerve
Art: lateral plantar artery

Question 10

Flexor digitorum brevis (pedis)

Answer 10

O: Calcaneal tubercle and plantar fascia
I: Middle phalanx of #2-5 (distal tendons form a form so the FDL can pass through)
A: Flexion of #2-5 @ MTP and PIPs
N: Medial plantar
Art: Medial and Lateral plantar

Question 11

Quadratus plantae

Answer 11

O: Calcaneus, medial and lateral 
I: Tendon of FDL
A: Flexion #2-5 @ MTP, PIPs and DIPs
N: Lateral plantar
Art: Medial and lateral plantar

Question 12

Lumbricales pedis

Answer 12

4 lumbricals.
O: Tendons of FDL 
I: Tendons of EDL
#2 --> #2
#2/3 --> #3
#3/4 --> # 4
#4/5 --> # 5
A: Extension of #2-5 @ PIP and DIP joints; Flexion of #2-5 @ MTP joints
N: Medial and lateral plantar nerves
Art: Medial and lateral planter artery (and plantar arch)

Question 13

Flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 13

O: Cuboid and 3rd cuneiform
I: Prox phalanx of big toe.  Passes through sesamoid bones
A: Flexion of 1st digit at MTP
N: Medial plantar nerve
Art: Medial plantar artery

Question 14

Flexor digiti minimi pedis (brevis)

Answer 14

O: 5th metatarsal and fibularis longus tendon
I: 5th proximal phalanx
A: Flexion of 5th digit
N: Lateral plantar nerve
Art: Lateral plantar artery

Question 15

Adductor hallucis

Answer 15

O: Two heads. OBLIQUE: fibularis longus tendon and base of MT #2-4; TRANSVERSE: MTP ligament
I: Lateral aspect of base of Phalanx #1
A: Adduction of 1st digit at MTP (and some flexion)
N: Lateral plantar
Art: Plantar arch (anastomosis between lateral plantar and dorsalis pedis arteries)

Question 16

Plantar interossei (pedis)

Answer 16

3 muscle bellies
O: Medial MT #3/4/5
I: Medial proximal phalanx #3/4/5 (also EDL tendon)
A: abduction of #3, 4 and 5 at MTP
N: Lateral plantar
Art: Plantar arch (anastomosis between lateral plantar and dorsalis pedis arteries)

Question 17

What is the plantar arch?

Answer 17

Anastomosis between lateral plantar and dorsalis pedis arteries

Question 18

Dorsal interossei pedis

Answer 18

4 muscle bellies
O: bodies of MT
I: proximal phalanx (also attaches on EDL tendon)
#1/2 --> #2 (medial)
#2/3 --> #2 (lateral)
#3/4 --> #3 (lateral)
#4/5 --> #4 (lateral)
A: Abduction of #2-4
N: lateral plantar
Art: Plantar arch (anastomosis between lateral plantar and dorsalis pedis arteries)