Food webs 2: commmunity ecology and interaction networks Flashcards

1
Q

What is ecological network analysis?

A

Study of ecological systems using network models and analysis to characterize their structure, function and evolution

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2
Q

What does a node represent in ecological systems?

A

individual species or population or functional group

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3
Q

What do links represent in ecological systems?

A

Interactions between nodes

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4
Q

What are three ways of characterizing links?

A

1) Topology: how are links arranged
2) Geometry: includes distance between nodes, therefore the importance of the interaction
3) Direction and stregth: differentiates interactions

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5
Q

What are different types of interaction?

A

1) Presence/absence
2) directed networks
3) interaction sign (+ or -)
4) Weighted networks: strength assigned to links

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6
Q

What is defined by the number of nodes in the foodweb?

A

Species richness

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7
Q

What defines network complexity?

A

Connectance and linkage density

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8
Q

What is the ‘proportion of directed links realized out of the maximum number of possible links’ called?

A

Connectance

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9
Q

What is the ‘number of trophic interactions’ called?

A

Linkage density

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10
Q

What is the ‘count of number of interactions established by a species’ called?

A

Degree centrality

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11
Q

What does mean shortest path define in a network?

A

Stability, shorter chain is more stable

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12
Q

What is vulnerability?

A

Number of consumers

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13
Q

What is ‘number of resources per taxa’ called?

A

Generality

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14
Q

What do trophic levels represent?

A

Energy steps that are taken to reach higher up in the food web

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15
Q

What is omnivory?

A

Variability in trophic levels of preys

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16
Q

What is degree distribution?

A

Defines variability of linkage density and how equally distributed connections are in the system

17
Q

How is a centralized network organized?

A

Has high degree distribution, with few central nodes with many connections and others with few

18
Q

What term describes the extent to which the network can be divided into non-overlapping grups of highly interacting species within their local neighborhood?

A

Modularity

19
Q

What are the components of node-weighted dynamics?

A

Connectance, vulnerability, generality, trophic level

20
Q

What does ‘node-weighted’ mean?

A

Averaged/weighted by biomass

21
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

A species with high centrality in the ecosystem

22
Q

What is the keystone index?

A

Indicates how fundamental their role is in the ecosystem as compared to their number

23
Q

What is ecological resilience?

A

The amount of disturbance that a system can withstand without changing into an alternate stable state

24
Q

What is engineering resilience?

A

Time required for the system to come back to equilibrium or steady state after the system has been perturbed

25
How is a 'state' defined?
COmbination of function, structure, identity and feedbacks
26
What characterizes most resilient foodwebs?
Abundant weak links and high diversity
27
What is network robustness used for?
Measure food web resilience. Measures potential impacts of extiction on food webs and proposes an index of resilience
28
What is the System Omnivory Index?
Index that quantifies the interactions among the trophic levels. High omnivory increases resilience
29
What determines a major role in pattern and strength of trophic interactions within the foodweb?
Body size
30
How does climate change impact marine food webs?
Biogeographic shift Body size Phenological shift (nature clock) Average sea level rise