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Global Food Security > Food Security Measurement > Flashcards

Food Security Measurement Flashcards

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1
Q

What is validity?

A

Accuracy: how close measurement is to the TRUE STATE of nature

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2
Q

Types of validity: (7)

A 
internal
external
face
sampling
criterion
predictive
construct
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3
Q

What is internal validity?

A

how true the inferences are about the study subjects

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4
Q

What is external validity?

A

generalizability of observation from a study to the population at risk (how much the results apply to outside the study group)

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5
Q

What is face validity?

A

Whether or not the measurement makes sense (intuitive)

(ex: do the interviewee/interviewer have the same understanding of terms/questions?)

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6
Q

What is sampling validity?

A

Does the measurement incorporate all/most of the aspects of the study subject
(include all aspects important to food security?)

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7
Q

What is criterion validity?

A

how well measurement corresponds to an existing standard and external criterion (compare against gold standard and other indicators)

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8
Q

What is predictive validity?

A

how well the measurement can predict future occurrence at the criterion

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9
Q

What is construct validity?

A

How well the measurement conforms to theoretical concepts for the subject
(does it align with theory?)

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10
Q

What is reliability?

A

reproducibility: the amount of agreement between results of repeated measures (of same sample)

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11
Q

T/F: validity and reliability are 2 different measures (not connected)

A

True

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12
Q

How can we improve reliability? (5)

A 
standardize measurement methods
train/certify observers
refine instruments
automate instruments
repeat measurements
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13
Q

What is error? what are the types?

A

False/mistaken results

random
systematic

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14
Q

What is random error

A

variation in measurement due to chance variation

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15
Q

What is systematic error

A

measurements that consistently stray from true value (some factor affecting it)

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16
Q

Sources of error: (4)

A

sample
individual
instrument
observer

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17
Q

Indicators of food security can be ____ and ____ _____, or _____

A

static & dynamic determinants

outcomes

18
Q

Food security indicators relating to AVAILABILITY (5)

A 
avg dietary energy supply adequacy
avg value of food production
% energy supply from cereals/roots/tubers
avg protein supply
avg protein % from animal origin
19
Q

Food security indicators relating to PHYSICAL ACCESS (3)

A

% roads that are paved
road density
rail lines density

20
Q

Food security indicators relating to ECONOMIC ACCESS (1)

A

domestic food price index

21
Q

Food security indicators relating to UTILIZATION (2)

A

access to improved water sources

access to improved sanitation facilities

22
Q

Food security indicators relating to VULNERABILITY (3)

A

cereal import dependency ratio
% arable land equipped for irrigation
value of food imports over total merch exports

23
Q

Food security indicators relating to SHOCKS (4):

A

Political stability, absence of violence/terrorism
domestic food price volatility
per capita food production variability
per capita food supply variability

24
Q

Food security indicators relating to ACCESS (outcomes) (4)

A

prevalence of undernourishment (lack of kcal)
share of food expenditure of the poor
depth of food deficit
prevalence of food inadequecy

25
Q

Food security indicators relating to UTILIZATION (outcomes (8)

A 
% kids <5yrs with wasting
% kids <5yrs with stunting
% kids<5yrs underweight
% adults underweight
anemia prevalence in preg women
anemia prevalence in kids<5yrs
Vit A deficiency prevalence (*forthcoming)
Iodine deficiency prevalence (*forthcoming)
26
Q

What is ‘wasting”

A

low weight for height

27
Q

What is ‘stunting’

A

low height/weight for age

28
Q

What is ‘underweight’

A

low weight for age

29
Q

What are the food security measurement methods? what does each measure? (5)

A
  1. FAO method: food balance sheets (undernourishment)
  2. Household income/expenditure survey (poverty)
  3. 24hr recall (adequacy of dietary intake)
  4. anthropometric indicators (child nutrition status)
  5. Food insecurity experience scales (People’s experience with food insecurity - the ONLY DIRECT MEASURE)
30
Q

Most of the food insecurity measurement methods are only ____ measurements, meaning:

A

proxy

don’t measure directly; measures a connected issue that acts as an indicator

31
Q

How many millennium development goals are there?

A

8

32
Q

What are the millennium development goals?

A
  1. eradicate extreme poverty/hunger
  2. achieve universal primary education
  3. promote gender equality, empower women
  4. reduce child mortality
  5. improve maternal health
  6. combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, disease
  7. environmental sustainability
  8. global partnership for development
33
Q

Target set by World Food Summit 1996 for number of people undernourished:

A

490 million (did not reach goal by 2016)

34
Q

Target set by Millenium Conference (2000) for % people undernourished:

A

11.6% (close to target)

35
Q

T/F: the reductions in undernourishment are not reflected the same in every nation

A

True

some nations have more improvements than others

36
Q

T/F: A reduction in % of undernourishment must mean that there are now less undernourished people

A

False;
increase in population; overall % can decrease, but the actual number of undernourished people may be going up! (Africa, Oceania)

37
Q

What questions are asked on the 24hr recall sheet for adequacy of dietary intake? (4)

A

Food/beverage items (for breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks)
portion size
Preparation method
Any additions

38
Q

How many sustainable development goals are there?

A

17

39
Q

What are the sustainable development goals?

A
  1. no poverty
  2. zero hunger
  3. good health/wellbeing
  4. quality education
  5. gender equality
  6. clean water + sanitation
  7. affordable and clean energy
  8. decent work + economic growth
  9. industry, innovation, infrastructure
  10. reduced inequalities
  11. sustainable cities/commities
  12. responsible consumption/production
  13. climate action
  14. life below water
  15. life on land
  16. peace, justice, strong institutions
  17. partnerships for the goals
40
Q

Time period for the FIES:

A

over past 12 months

41
Q

Questions for the FIES: (8)

A

over past 12 months, was there a time when due to lack of $ or resources:

  1. worried about not enough food to eat?
  2. unable to eat healthy/nutritious food?
  3. ate only few kinds of food?
  4. had to skip a meal?
  5. ate less than you thought you should?
  6. household ran out of food?
  7. hungry but didn’t eat?
  8. didn’t eat for whole day?
42
Q

What are the categories of food insecurity, and the proportions in Canada?

A 
Food secure (87.5%)
Marginal insecurity (4.1%)
Moderate insecurity (5.7%)
Severe insecurity (2.7%)

Global Food Security (8 decks)

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