Determinants of Food Insecurity

Question 1

What are the basic causes of undernutrition?

Answer 1

Social/economic/political context

=> lack of financial/human/physical/social/natural capital

Question 2

What are the underlying causes (secondary) of undernutrition?

Answer 2

1. inadequate household food security
2. inadequate care
3. inadequate services/unhealthy environment

Question 3

What are the immediate causes of undernutrition? (2)

Answer 3

1. inadequate diet

2. disease

Question 4

What are the manifestations of undernutrition? (3)

Answer 4

1. malnutrition
2. disability
3. morbidity and death

Question 5

What are food AVAILABILITY factors in determinants for food security? (6)

Answer 5

availability in outlets
price
promotion
quality
location of food outlets
variety

Question 6

What are food ACCESS factors in determinants for food security? (5)

Answer 6

social support
financial resources
transport
distance
mobility

Question 7

What are food UTILIZATION factors in determinants for food security? (5)

Answer 7

Nutrition knowledge/cooking skills
Children's food preferences
Storage facilities
Cooking/food prep facilities
Time

Question 8

What are the determinants of health?

Answer 8

1. general socioeconomic/cultural/envr. conditions
2. social & community networks
3. Individual lifestyle factors

Question 9

How does climate change affect food availability? (4)

Answer 9

flood/drought
natural disasters
more pests
land/water constraints

(overall decreased yield)

Question 10

How does climate change affect food access? (3)

Answer 10

lower agriculture output -> lower income
increased food prices
less physical access

Question 11

How does climate change affect food utilization? (3)

Answer 11

lower food quality
low access to clean water
increased vulnerability to disease

Question 12

How does climate change affect food stability? (3)

Answer 12

Unpredictable weather
damaged infrastructure
increasing economic challenges

Question 13

What are modern agriculture-related risks in the food system? (4)

Answer 13

1. Urbanization (more ‘risky’ animal source foods, bigger markets and food chains, intensified agriculture)
2. Low biosecurity (relying on drugs, unsanitary slaughter/processing/retail )
3. high risk of pathogens (industrial pollution, graywater, poor waste management, high contaminant levels in farm/market)
4. lagging governance systems (lack regulations, traceability, high demand for imports)

Question 14

how are persistent conflicts related to food insecurity?

Answer 14

cause and consequence (conflict -> instability -> insecurity)
(lack of food/high prices -> civil conflicts)