Consequences of Food Insecurity

Question 1

What are the first steps in coping with food insecurity? (5)

Answer 1

crop/livestock adjustment
change diet (less crop diversity)
famine foods (wild plants)
loans (rely on family/community)
migration (move to fertile land)

Question 2

What are the second steps in coping with food insecurity, after prolonged time? (4)

Answer 2

sell smaller animals
outside loans (w/ interest)
sell tools
pledge/sell land

Question 3

What is the final resort with prolonged food insecurity?

Answer 3

outmigration (leave permanently; possibly risking life)

Question 4

What are some notable hidden hunger issues? (3)

Answer 4

iodine deficiencies
vitamin A deficiencies
iron deficiencies (anemia in women)

Question 5

What is the ‘double burden’ (household level)

Answer 5

stunted child along with overweight mother within the same household

Question 6

___% of the world’s adults are overweight/obese

Answer 6

37%

Question 7

T/F: a higher % of obese people are in developing countries

Answer 7

True (62%)

Question 8

How many countries have decreased obesity in the last 30+ years?

Answer 8

0

Question 9

What countries have the highest overweight/obesity rates in the world?

Answer 9

Pacific Islands (Nauru, Micronesia, Cook islands, Tonga, Niue, Somoa, Palau)

Kuwait

USA

Question 10

The more severe the food insecurity, the higher the rates of ___ and ____ in children

Answer 10

stunting

underweight

Question 11

What are the concerning dietary shifts in developing countries?

Answer 11

decrease in traditional staple foods

increase in sugar, oils, refined/processed foods

Question 12

What is the food categorization scheme? (3)

Answer 12

1. Core foods (universal, staple, consistent use)
2. Secondary foods (widespread but not universal)
3. Peripheral foods (least common, infrequent)

Question 13

Examples of core foods, secondary foods, and peripheral foods in Mexico:

Answer 13

core: tortilla, rice, sugar, beans, onion, chile

Secondary: oatmeal, noodles, fish, milk

Peripheral: Potatoes, Beef, Pork, Yogurt

Question 14

Examples of core foods, secondary foods, and peripheral foods in Bolivia:

Answer 14

Core: corn, noodles, potatoes, bread, sugar, onions

Secondary: rice, beans, carrots, peas, radish

Peripheral: beef, pork, cheese, milk, other meat

Question 15

Examples of core foods, secondary foods, and peripheral foods in Ecuador:

Answer 15

Core: corn, oatmeal, spaghetti, potatoes, bread, sugar, rice, onion

Secondary: beans, cabbage, carrot, peas, tomatoes, beef, chicken

Peripheral: cheese, milk, fish, apple

Question 16

In developed countries, food insecurity is correlated with:

Answer 16

overweight, higher BMI

high calorie, low nutrient diets (high cholesterol/fat, low vitamin A and C)

Question 17

Diets of food insecure people in developed countries tends to be high in ______ and low in ______

Answer 17

high in cereals, sugar, fats/oils

low in beef, chicken, fish, dairy, fruits

Question 18

How does prevalence of metabolic syndrome relate to food security?

Answer 18

people with food insecurity:
greater waist circumference
higher triglycerides
lower HDL

Question 19

What causes dietary fluctuations in food insecure people, and what is the result?

Answer 19

low income (pay day/food stamps = can obtain food; vs end of month = less $)

leads to obesity over time (hunger -> overconsumption of hi-kcal foods)

Question 20

Food insecurity increases risk of ____ in children, and ____ in women (within same household)

Answer 20

stunting

obesity