Food-related Diseases - Causes & Prevention Flashcards
What is food nutrition?
The study of food and how we use them
What are nutrients?
Chemicals within food
What is diet?
Foods you eat everyday
What is malnutrition?
Poor/bad nutrition
What is kwashiorkor?
Protein/energy malnutrition
What is marasmus?
Protein/energy malnutrition
What can marasmus or kwashiorkor cause?
A swollen stomach
What is over-nutrition?
Too much nutrition/food
How is obesity caused?
Over-nutrition
How is Type 2 diabetes caused?
Too much sugar - your body is so used to insulin that it become ineffective
How is coronary heart disease caused?
Too much cholesterol - build up of fats in the arteries
How is cerebrovascular disease caused?
High cholesterol
High blood pressure
Diabetes
Smoking
What diseases cause 1/3 deaths worldwide?
Coronary heart disease + cerebrovascular disease
How can cancers possibly be caused?
Maybe by too much food
What causes osteoporosis?
Lack of calcium
What happens in osteoporosis?
Weak bones
How are bones composed?
There is a protein matrix that contains calcium phosphate crystals
How does Vitamin D help the bones?
It puts the calcium phosphate crystals into the bones
What is imbalance?
Incorrect proportions of food
What causes scurvy?
Lack of Vitamin C/ Ascorbic acid (the same thing)
Why does a Vitamin C deficiency cause scurvy?
It makes collagen
What causes rickets?
Lack of vitamin D
What is rickets?
Children get soft bones that stay an abnormal shape
How is megaloblastic anaemia caused?
B12 deficiency
What can be used to treat B12 deficiency?
cyanocobalamin
What are the risk factors for cancer?
Sugary foods - cause obesity
Too much alcohol
Obesity
Smoking
Overexposure to sun/radiation
Red meat
Processed meat
What can prevent cancer?
A good diet - whole grains, pulses, nuts and seeds (fibre)
Why is smoked meat bad?
It contains nitrites and nitrates which changes the portion causing bowel tumours
What do photochemical do?
Help prevent cancers, heart diseases and are anti-oxidants
What are the risk factors for Type 2 diabetes?
Over 40 and white
Over 25 and South Asian - african has higher risk
Obesity - hip/waste ratio
Family history
Coronary heart disease
How can you prevent Type 2 diabetes?
Good diet - less sugar
Physical activity
Healthy weight
What is coronary heart disease?
Blockage or narrowing of heart arteries
What is cerebrovascular disease?
Blockage or narrowing of brain arteries
What are risk factors of CHD and CVD?
High blood pressure
High blood cholesterol
