Food Posining _علاء خطار Flashcards
What is food born illness?
Illness resulting from eating food contaminated with organism or their toxin.
what’re the risk factors of the food poising ?
1-Travel to developing countries or cities with poor services.
2-Improper food preparation , storage or handling
3-Weakened immune system, pregnancy, very young age
3-Underlying gastrointestinal disorders
4-Patients taking antacids, H-2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors
what’re the symptoms of the food poising ?
1-Nausea 2-Vomiting 3-Stomach cramps 4-Diarrhea 5-Fever 6-Headache
CAN be fatal - RARE!
what’s Differential diagnosis of acute diarrhoea and vomiting in food poising?
1-Infectious causes
2-Infectious causes
infectious causes include
1-Gastroenteritis
(also known as infectious diarrhea, is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract—the stomach and small intestine. Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain.)
2-C. difficile infection
(is bacteria that can infect the bowel and cause diarrhoea. The infection most commonly affects people who have recently been treated with antibiotics. It can spread easily to others)
3-Acute diverticulitis
4-Sepsis Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection Sepsis Symptoms Fever and chills. Very low body temperature. Peeing less than normal. Rapid pulse. Rapid breathing. Nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea.
5-Pelvic inflammatory disease
an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system, namely the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, and inside of the pelvis.
6-Meningococcaemia
is an infection of the blood. Meningococcal meningitis and meningococcaemia are caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis), which is known as the meningococcus and infects humans only.
7-Pneumonia (especially ‘atypical disease’
8-Malaria
1- Gastrointestinal
Inflammatory bowel disease
Bowel malignancy
Overflow from constipation •
Enteral tube feeding
2- Metabolic: Diabetic ketoacidosis Thyrotoxicosis Uraemia Neuroendocrine tumours releasing
3- Drugs and toxins:
NSAIDs Cytotoxic agents Antibiotics Proton pump inhibitors Dinoflagellates Plant toxins Heavy metals Ciguatera fish poisoning
Differential diagnosis of acute diarrhoea and vomiting for the infectious cause ?
1-Gastroenteritis 2-C. difficile infection 3-Acute diverticulitis 4-Sepsis 5-Pelvic inflammatory disease 6-Meningococcaemia 7-Pneumonia (especially ‘atypical disease’ 8-Malaria
Differential diagnosis of acute diarrhoea and vomiting for the non infectious cause ?
1- Gastrointestinal
Inflammatory bowel disease
Bowel malignancy
Overflow from constipation •
Enteral tube feeding
2- Metabolic: Diabetic ketoacidosis Thyrotoxicosis Uraemia Neuroendocrine tumours releasing
3- Drugs and toxins:
NSAIDs Cytotoxic agents Antibiotics Proton pump inhibitors Dinoflagellates Plant toxins Heavy metals Ciguatera fish poisoning
what the cause of the food poising ?
toxin may short released or take longer time to release
which types cause signs and symptoms within (1-6)h?
1-Bacillus cereus (preformed enterotoxin)
2- Staphylococcus aureus
what’s the source of the bacillus cereus & staph aureus?
_Bacillus cereus sources are cooked rice/fried rice and red meats.
Causes sudden onset of severe nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea may be present.
_ Staphylococcus aureus source is Unrefrigerated meats, potato and egg salads.
Causes sudden onset of severe nausea and vomiting. Abdominal cramps and fever may be present.
what the possible cause of eating improper cooked rice ?
Bacillus cereus Causes sudden onset of severe nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea may be present.
what the possible cause of eating improper cooked rice ?
Staphylococcus aureus Causes sudden onset of severe nausea and vomiting. Abdominal cramps and fever may be present.
which types cause signs and symptoms within 8–16 hours?
so it’s Medium incubation period (8–16 hours)
the cause is :
1-Bacillus cereus (toxin)
from the Meat, stew gravy, vanilla sauce
مرق اللحم وصلصة الفانيليا
Causes watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea.
2-2. Clostridium perfringens
sources from Dry or precooked meats and poultry
اللحوم والدواجن الجافة أو المطبوخة مسبقًا
Causes watery diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps.
what the possible cause of eating Meat, stew gravy, vanilla sauce?
Bacillus cereus (toxin)
from the Meat, stew gravy, vanilla sauce
مرق اللحم وصلصة الفانيليا
Causes watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea.
what the possible cause of from Dry or precooked meats ?
Clostridium perfringens
sources from Dry or precooked meats and poultry
اللحوم والدواجن الجافة أو المطبوخة مسبقًا
Causes watery diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps.
which types cause signs and symptoms >16 hours?
Long incubation period (>16 hours)
A- Toxin-producing organisms
1- Clostridium botulinum:
2-Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
3-Enterotoxigenic E. coli
4-Vibrio cholerae
B- Invasive organisms 1- Campylobacter jejuni 2. Salmonella 3. Shigella 4. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
what’re the clinical features of the infection with the Clostridium botulinum?
source is : canned foods.
mechanism by : long period toxin >16h
causes : vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision, diplopia, dysphagia, and descending muscle weakness
what’re the clinical features of the infection with the Enterohemorrhagic E. coli?
source is : undercooked beef, especially hamburger, unpasteurized milk, raw fruits and vegetables, and contaminated water.
mechanism by : long period toxin >16h
causes : Causes severe diarrhea that is often bloody, abdominal pain, vomiting. More common in children <4 years of age.
مهمه هيموراجك تسوي bloody diarrhia
what’re the clinical features of the infection with the Enterotoxigenic E. coli?
source is : foods or water contaminated by human feces.
mechanism by : long period toxin >16h
causes : Causes watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting.
what’re the clinical features of the infection with the Vibrio cholerae?
source is : contaminated water, fish, and shellfish, especially food sold by street vendors
لمياه الملوثة والأسماك والمحار ، وخاصة الطعام الذي يبيعه الباعة الجائلين
mechanism by : long period toxin >16h
causes : profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting which can lead to severe dehydration and death within hours.
what’re the clinical features of the infection with the Campylobacter jejuni?
source is : raw and undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, contaminated meats
mechanism by : invasive organism
causes : diarrhea (may be bloody), cramps, vomiting, and fever
what’re the clinical features of the infection with the Salmonella typhi?
source is : contaminated eggs, poultry, unpasteurized milk or juice, cheese, contaminated raw fruits and vegetables
mechanism by : invasive organism
causes : diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting.
what’re the clinical features of the infection with the Vibrio parahaemolyticus ?
source is : undercooked and raw seafood
mechanism by : invasive organism
causes : nausea vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
H ow to diagnosis the food positing ?
Food poisoning most often presents as gastroenteritis
Most cases of gastroenteritis have a viral etiology.
Suspect bacterial food poisoning when multiple persons become ill after eating the same meal, with fever and blood or mucus in stool.
Timing and presentation can aid in establishing an etiology
signs of dehydration, including evaluating skin turgor and mucous membranes, and observing for hypotension or orthostatic changes.
abdominal distension with tenderness, Auscultation may demonstrate increased bowel sound in obstruction or decreased bowel sounds with an ileus
Culture of stool and sensitivity,
general stool examination
Blood morphology, culture and white blood cell count if diarrhea is severe
How to distinguish wether the food poising is viral or bacterial ?
Suspect bacterial food poisoning when
- multiple persons become ill after eating the same meal, -fever
- blood or mucus in stool.
