cardiology Flashcards
what the cause of load S2?
معناها فوك والايد ابطئ من الرجل
- bradycardia
- prolong PR interval
- AV incontense
what’re the causes of load S1?
- sinus tachycardia
- short PR interval
- AV stenosis
whats the cause of fixed splitting S2?
Aterial septal defect
what’re the causes of wide mobile splited heart sound ?
- means the pulmonary valve close after the aortic valve so seen in :-
- right bundle branch
- primary pulmonary hypertension
- choronic obstructive disease
- pulmanary emboli
what the cause of paradoxes splitting ?
means the pulmonary close before the aortic valve
seen in :
- left bundle branch block
- systemic hypertension
whats the cause of 3rd heart sound ?
its the left ventricular dysfunction (heart failure )
and mitral regurgitation
If we heard two sound what the possibilities ?
either 3rd heart sound or splitted S2 differ by using bill or diaphragm and the position pf the patient
whats the cause of the 4th heart sound ?
lt ventricular hypertrophy
hypertensive disease
whats the cause of summation gallop ?
its sound as running hoarse in the heart failure
what’re the causes of systolic murmur ?
- AV regurgitation
- semilunar valve stenosis
- arterial septal defect
what’re the causes of the diastolic murmur ?
- AV stenosis
- semilunar valve regurgitation
which murmur having crescendo and decrescendo character ?
Aortic stenosis
which murmur radiated to the carotid area?
Aortic stenosis
which murmur radiated to the axilla ?
mitral regurgitation
which murmur heard the apex of the heart in the diastolic phase ?
AV stenosis
which diastolic murmur heard in the base of the heart?
semilunar valve regurgitation
which murmur have othrumbling quality ?
Av because rumbling so it diastolic stenosis
which murmur diastolic have blowing quality ?
semilunar valve regurgitation
whats the time to hear the S1?
and when to hear the S2?
during systole
while the S2 during the diastole
when we hear the 3rd heart sound ?and why ?
after the S2 in early diastole
when to hear the 4th heart sound ?
before the S1 in the late diastole
when we hear open snap ?
OS in MS mitral stenosis
systolic click when its heard ?
- semilunarvavle stenosis
- Av regurgitation
which heart sound is blowing in character ?
mitral regurgitation بالكتاب
which murmur have rasping crescendo and decrescendo ?
Aortic stenosis
what the cause of pericardial rap?
its because of myocarditis that cause friction so when the patient lay down the friction will increase so load murmur
but when lean forward decrease the friction so soft murmur
We herd 3rd heart sound and we do ECG it left ventricule was normal and also it wasn’t splitted S2? whats that??
its pericardial knoche
when we examine the pt we tell him to lay dow and we hear the murmur but when he sat the murmur disappear ?
is it because the friction caused by the pericarditis
or the tumer block ?
its because the left atrial mexoma because
when the pt lay hear it when the pt sit lose it
but in pericarditis when pt lay murmur is loud
when pt set the murmur is soft
whats happen to the normal pt when doing exercise ECG?
pt will have tachycardia ,increase in the systolic pressure and decrease the diastolic and no ST changes
when the trudner test is +?
STool AHmed
ST elevation and depression
arrhythmia
and hypotension during exercise
what the contradictions of trundler test ?
MI ,unstable angina , Aortic stenosis and left bundle branch block
and in ambutation
which drugs give same effect as the exercise and used in amputation ?
dipyridamole vasodilator the normal artery only
what’re the benefit of the x -ray?
1- identify the size of the heart
2- pulmonary hypertension
if the heart take more that 50% of the thoracic area means?
cardiomegaly
if the heart attach to the sternum means ?
RRRight ventricular dialtion
if the heart attach to the back mean ?
left ventricular dilation
if pt having esophagus notch might have …
left atrial dilation
if the pt have mineralization to the left heart border so pt have ….
right atrial dilation
who would we know if the pt have pulmonary hypertension by X-ray ?
- if the dimeter of the lower right pulmonary artery more than 23cm
- if the distance between two pulmonary arteries divided by the thoracic dimeter ratio is more than 30%
-pulmonary vessels will reach the 1st rib(encaflization)
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