food nutrition and health

Question 1

what are the macronutrients and their function?

Answer 1

1. Carbohydrates
   
   1. primary energy source
   2. maintains bodies reserves
2. proteins
   
   1. best use not for energy
   2. used as building for structres
      
      1. enzymes
      2. hormones
3. fats
   
   1. 2/3 should be from plants
   2. mon/polysat = 90% of fats
   3. unsat = <10%
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water

Question 2

specify the % contribution of each macronutrient per day to total energy

Answer 2

1. carbohydrate
   
   1. 45-65%
2. fats
   
   1. 20-35%
3. proteins
   
   1. 10-35%

Question 3

Why has the rationale behid the serving sizes changed by the FDA?

Answer 3

changing patterns of american eating habit

Question 4

what are the three basic function of macronutrients?

Answer 4

provide energy

build tissue

regulate metabolic process

Question 5

what are the energy sources in order of most needed daily?

Answer 5

carb, fats, proteins, alcohol

Question 6

what is eesential for all metabolic processes?

Answer 6

water

Question 7

what is the RDAand the three measurments that go into it?

Answer 7

recommended daily allowance- recommended daily allowance that meet the needs of most healthy individiuals

1. ear-estimated average requirement
   
   1. intake level that meets the needs of half of a group
2. adequeate intake
   
   1. used as a guide when insufficient scientific data is available in the RDA
3. tolerable upper intake level
   
   1. sets max intake unlikely to cause adverse health risks

Question 8

what is the best use of protein?

Answer 8

not energy!!!

preserved for functions:

1. tissue building
2. enzyme/ hormone
3. fluid balance

Question 9

Describe the types of malnutrition and implications of each

Answer 9

1. undernutrition
   
   1. compromised immune system
   2. altered mental activity
2. overnutrition
   
   1. harmful gross body weight
   2. moderation is key

both can lead to illness. Limit physical work capacity, immune system function and mental activity

Question 10

How many focus areas are there?

Answer 10

9

1. adequate nutrients with in calorie needs
2. weight management
3. physical activity
4. food groups
5. fats
6. carbs
7. sodium and potassium
8. alcoholic beverages
9. food safety

Question 11

what is the definition of Health?

Answer 11

health is more than just absence of disease.

Health= optimal state of physical, mental and social well-being

Question 12

Health promotion is also called ____. Focusing on changes in_____.

Answer 12

1. preventative care
2. health promotion focuses on lifestyle and personal choices

Question 13

what is the purpose of myplate?

Answer 13

guidance system to

• promote variety, proportionality, gradual imporovment and physical activity
• personalize their diet using the website

Question 14

what is the difference between traditional and preventative care?

Answer 14

1. traditional
   
   1. attempts change only when illness or disease already exits
   2. little value in lifelong positive health
2. preventative
   
   1. identify reisk factors involved with the person of interest
      
      1. cholesterol, fats, sugar intake, cancer posisbility
   2. allows people to choose behaviors to minimize the risk of disease

Question 15

what were the major pionts in healthy people 2020?

Answer 15

1. encourage healthy choices
2. promote weight control
3. educate about risk factors of disease related to nutrition

Question 16

which nutrients work alone?

Answer 16

no nutrients work alone, hence the importance of a diverse diet

1. example
   
   1. vitamin C oxidizes iron to make it more absorbable
   2. fats assist with fat solublee vitamin absorbtion (AEK)

Question 17

what is an important function of vitamin C?

Answer 17

collagen regeneration- deficiency leads to scurvy

Question 18

what macronutrients are necessary for tissue building?

Answer 18

1. proteins
   
   1. provide amino acids for repair
2. vitamins and minerals
   
   1. C
      
      1. collagen
   2. Ca, phosph, iron
3. fatty acids
   
   1. build central fat substance of cell membranes
   2. fat is important to fetal development
   3. comprse building blocks of lipids
   4. promote the transport of fat-soluble nutrients
4. regulation and control
   
   1. vitamins
      
      1. coenzyme: necessary to enzymatic reaction during metabolism
   2. minerals
      
      1. coenzyme: metalloenzymes and metalloproteins
   3. water
      
      1. necessary for every reaction
   4. Fiber
      
      1. regulates passage of food material through gastrointestinal tract and influences the absorbtion of nutrients

Question 19

what is the first thing to look at on the nutrition facts?

Answer 19

serving size.

the rest of the measurments are determined off this fact.

Question 20

how often are the nutrient standards updated?

Answer 20

5-10 years