energy balance

Question 1

define energy balance

Answer 1

the intake of calories and output of energy

Question 2

indicate the types of energy needs (4)

Answer 2

1. Chemical
   
   1. many metabolic products
2. electrical
   
   1. brain and nerve activites
3. mechanical
   
   1. muscle contraction
4. thermal
   
   1. keep the body warm/cool

Question 3

name the different types of energy

Answer 3

carbohydrates, fat, protein

alcohol is NOT a nutrient, b/c it does not add any value to the health of an individual

Question 4

what determines the total energy requirement?

Answer 4

1. BEE-basal energy expidenture
   
   1. measured when someone is at complete physical, digeriont and emotional rest
   2. difficult to do, so a close number is generated: REE-resting energy expedenture
2. physical activity
3. TEF-thermal effect of food

Question 5

calculate the BEE for a male and female

Answer 5

• male
  
  • 1kcal(weight in kg) (24)
• female
  
  • 0.9kcal(weight in kg)(24)

Question 6

of the three energy demands which requires the most energy?

Answer 6

BEE (not PA or TEF)

Question 7

how does a fever affect the BEE?

Answer 7

increases the BEE 7% per 1 degree fahrenheit

Question 8

how do thyroid disorders contribute to metabolic fluctuations?

Answer 8

1. hyperthyroidism-increases BEE
   
   1. weight loss
   2. 1.5-2.5 times increase
2. hypothyroidism-decrease BEE
   
   1. weight gain

Question 9

how does lean body mass contribute to BEE?

Answer 9

• lean mass
  
  • muscle
  • bone
  • connectibe tissue
  • ligaments
  • tendons
  • internal organs
• higher the lean mass= higher BEE

Question 10

put the foods in order of highest to lowest kcal/g

1. alcohol
2. carbs
3. fat
4. protein

Answer 10

1. fats-9kcal/gram
2. alcohol-7kcal/gram
3. carbs/proteins-4kcal/gram

Question 11

what is the order of macronutrient use? when are proteins used?

Answer 11

1. glycogen
   
   1. energy source for 12-48 hours
2. adipose tissue
   
   1. varies by individual
3. muscle mass
   
   1. used only during longer periods of fasting or starving

Question 12

a woman of 150lbs eats 2500kcal/day and does not exercise, will she gain weight?

Answer 12

(150/2.2)(0.9)(24)=1470

she is over eating her BEE and with no PA and negating TEF, she will gain weight

Question 13

what is the order of use for the following energy sources when food is not available?

protein, glycogen fat

Answer 13

1. glycogen
2. fat
3. protein

Question 14

what is energy?

Answer 14

energy= force or power to do work

Question 15

what is metabolism?

Answer 15

metaboism= sum of the body processes involved in converting food into various forms of energy

Question 16

Define the following

1. density
2. energy density
   
   1. what macronutrient is the highest?
3. nutrient density

Answer 16

1. density
   
   1. the degree of concentration of material in a given substance
2. energy density
   
   1. high concentration of enrgy in a small amount of food
      
      1. fats have the highest energy density
3. nutrients density
   
   1. relatively high concentration of vitamins and minerals in a smaller volume of food
   2. foods that are referred to empty calories = opposite of nutrient dense foods

Question 17

what maintains life and health? (respect to food)

Answer 17

balance between intake of food energy and output. underweight and overweight = imbalance

Question 18

REE measures ______. What type of calorie measurement is this?

Answer 18

mesures exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. this is indirect calorimetry

Question 19

What are 4 factors that influence BEE?

Answer 19

1. lean body mass
   
   • greater metabolic activity with greater amount of lean tissue
2. growth periods
   
   • GH stimuulates cell metabolism = raises BMR by 15%-20%
   • greatest growth in infancy and adolescence
   • pregnancy and lactation requires increased energy intake
3. body temperature
   
   • fever raises BMR 7% per 1 degree F
   1. ​adaptive thermogenesis
      
      1. states of starvation and malnutrition, the body temperature is lowered to conserve energy.
4. hormonal status
   
   1. hyperthyroidism- loose weight
   2. hypothyroidism -gain weight

Question 20

compare recommended Fietary energy intake for

1. growth periods
2. adulthood

who has a higher BEE 30 year old or 40 year old?

when does BEE rapidly decline for men and women

Answer 20

1. gorwth periods
   
   1. extra energy per unit of body weight is necessary to build new tissue
      
      1. greatest growth is infancy and adolescence
      2. pregnancy and lactation also require increasd enery intake
2. adulthood
   
   1. energy needs plateau as full growth is achieved
   2. BEE then declines 1-2% per decade
      
      1. reducing energy needs
      2. 30>40, by 1-2%
   3. rapidly declines at age
      
      1. 40- men
      2. 50-women

Question 21

how does choose my plate assist with health?

Answer 21

helath = optimal state of physical, mental and social well-being.

my plate

1. determines serving size of persolaized food.
2. based on
   
   1. age, gender, weight, height and activity level
3. educates how to integrate physical activity to maintain energy balance