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Public Health > Food Marketing > Flashcards

Food Marketing Flashcards

1
Q

Food marketing influenced by many factors (6)

A

• Demographics
• Consumption patterns
• Food outlets
• Branding issues
• International food markets
• Government programs

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2
Q

Birth rates developed vs developing countries

A

Lower in developed

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3
Q

Examples of demographic influences on marketing

A

Products that target affluent/wealthy people
2 income households buy differently = increased demand for prepared foods

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4
Q

Trend in pork consumption

A

Increased dramatically
Due to Asian immigrants increasing demand

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5
Q

USDA agricultural projections to 2029: U.S. red meat and pork production

A

Pork: 25 billion pounds
Beef: 30 billion pounds

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6
Q

3 Sources of prepared foods: food outlets

A

Supermarkets
Convenience stores
Fast food restaurants

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7
Q

Issues in agricultural marketing

A

• Farmers have VERY little control over the market: Increase production→ prices drop (reverse is also true)
• Raw farm product is a small fraction of the retail price (~5% of the price of a loaf of bread gets to the farmer)
• Farm products are seen as being identical: Little/no bargaining power with buyers
• U.S. food prices are considered too low

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8
Q

Counter actions to U.S. food prices being considered too low (3)

A

• Farm subsidies
• Government buying
• Quotas on production of certain commodities

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9
Q

Health halo effect

A

-Overestimating healthfulness of an item based on a single claim
- “Low fat”, “Gluten-free” , “Organic”

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10
Q

Meaning of “organic” / definition

A

A raw or processed agricultural product sold, labeled, or represented as “organic” must contain (by weight or fluid volume, excluding water and salt) not less than 95 percent organically produced raw or processed agricultural products.”

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11
Q

4 excluded methods that organic products don’t use

A

• Genetic engineering
• Ionizing radiation
• Synthetic pesticides
• Chemical fertilizers

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12
Q

Which agency certifies organic products

A

USDA

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13
Q

Organic livestock standards (5)

A

• Managed organically from last 3rd of gestation
(mammals) or 2nd day of life (poultry)
• Allowed year-round access to outdoors
• Raised on certified organic land and fed 100%
organic feed
• No use of drugs to prevent disease / parasites
• Treatment in case of illness allowed but meat, milk,
or eggs can’t be marketed as organic

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14
Q

Enforcement of organic products

A

Public private partnership between USDA and NOP (national organic program)
Inspection of farms
Investigate alleged violations
Sample for prohibited substances

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15
Q

Is organic healthier, safer and more environmentally friendly: evidence

A

Healthier —> yes
Safer —> 30% reduced pesticide residues, less Ab resistant bacteria (E coil) in chicken and pork
Environment —> less pollution, contributes to biodiversity, soil building practices BUT may lose efficiency

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16
Q

Is organic better: bottom line

A

Positively impact food safety and environment quality
Most likely used as marketing strategy

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17
Q

Largest consumer of egg shells in U.S

A

McDonald’s

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18
Q

Food stamp legislation is covered under what bill

A

Farm bill

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19
Q

Supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP): 2 goals

A

Help low income households
Increase consumption of agricultural surplus products

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20
Q

What did farm bill do for SNAP retailers

A

Expanded retailers
Incentives for purchase of fresh fruits/veggies

21
Q

Food safety challenges (3)

A

• Increasing fraction of U.S. food is imported
• Consumers are eating more raw foods
• Increasing fraction of Americans are immunocompromised

22
Q

Food recalls are coordinated by what 4 agencies

A

FDA, USDA, CDC, states

23
Q

How many meat and poultry plants are there in U.S.

A

2,700

24
Q

how many food establishments/restaurants are there in U.S.

A

660,000

25
Q

How many institutional food programs are there in U.S.

A

172,000

26
Q

How many retail stores are there in U.S.

A

120,000

27
Q

Primary food regulatory agency within USDA

A

FSIS

28
Q

USDA-FSIS has authority over (4)

A

Raw meat and poultry
• Slaughter operations for interstate shipment
• Ensures that meat imports meet U.S. standards
• Processed egg products (NOT fresh shell eggs)

29
Q

What is the largest government employer of veterinarians

A

USDA-FSIS

30
Q

How many veterinarians are there working for USDA-FSIS

A

1,100

31
Q

USDA-APHIS

A

Animal plant inspection service
Production and transportation (pre-slaughter)
• Border inspection and quarantine
• Veterinary Services: Chief Veterinary Officer, National animal disease surveillance
• Animal Health
• International Services

32
Q

Primary food regulatory agency within Department of health and human services (DHHS)

A

FDA

33
Q

2 departments within USDA

A

FSIS
APHIS

34
Q

2 departments within DHHS

A

FDA
CDC

35
Q

FDA regulates

A

** All food sold interstate except processed eggs, meat, poultry
• Shell eggs
• Bottled water
• Wine (less than 7% alcohol)
• Pet and livestock foods
• Veterinary drugs
• Infant formulas
• Dietary supplements
• Adulteration & misbranding of foods, drugs, cosmetics

36
Q

Which agency implements HACCP

A

FDA

37
Q

CDC functions

A

• Nationwide disease surveillance
• “FoodNet” is collaborative project w/FDA & USDA
• Investigates foodborne disease outbreaks
• Research & education re: foodborne illness
• Enforcement authority for cruise ship sanitation

38
Q

National marine fisheries service is part of which department

A

Department of commerce

39
Q

Function of national marine fisheries service

A

Manage living marine resources
INCLUDES FISHERIES

40
Q

EPA

A

*Regulatory authority for pesticides & toxins
• Determines safety of new products
• Sets tolerance levels for pesticide residues in foods
• Prevents toxic substances from entering food chain
• Establishes safe drinking water standards
• Assists states in monitoring water quality

41
Q

Which food regulatory agency is independent of the U.S. government

A

EPA

42
Q

Regulation of sandwiches: USDA vs FDA

A

Meat= USDA
Packaged = FDA

43
Q

Regulation of spaghetti: FDA vs USDA

A

Pasta= FDA
Meat sauce = USDA

44
Q

Regulation of sausage: FDA vs USDA

A

Meat= USDA
Casing = FDA

45
Q

Regulation of egg processing: FDA vs USDA vs USDA:APHIS

A

FDA = transporting eggs to wholesalers and retailers
USDA = cleaning process
USDA-APHIS: breeding the hens and producing eggs on farms

46
Q

Shell eggs vs broken eggs: FDA vs FSIS

A

Shell= FDA
Broken eggs = FSIS

47
Q

Meat and poultry production regulated by what 2 agencies

A

USDA, APHIS

48
Q

What 2 agencies regulate real meat and poultry + processed eggs

A

USDA, FSIS

Public Health (11 decks)

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