Food, Fluid and Nutrition Flashcards
An example of macronutrients
Carbohydrates, fats and proteins
An example of micronutrients
Vitamins and minerals
What are the two categories of vitamins?
Water-soluble and fat-soluble
What are trace elements?
Essential nutrients for the body to function properly but are needed in much smaller amounts
What is enteral nutrition?
Tube feeding, is a way of sending nutrition right to the stomach or small intestine
Enteral nutrition can be given via what three routes?
- Oral
- Nasally via a nasogastric (NG) or nasojejunal (NJ) tube
- Directly into the stomach via a long-term tube (gastrostomy)
Why is oliguria (decreased urine output) important?
One of the earliest signs of deterioration and could be due to reduced blood flow to kidneys or reduced cardiac output
Fluid output equation
0.5ml/kg/hour
Who are at risk of overhydration?
Chronic kidney disease
Heart failure
Ascites
What are the symptoms of overhydration?
- Oedema
- Weight gain
- Breathlessness, especially when laying flat
- Electrolyte imbalances
What input should a fluid balance chart record?
- Oral intake
- Enteral nutrition
- Parenteral nutrition
- Subcutaneous/IV fluids
- Bolused drugs
What output should a fluid balance chart record?
- Urine
- Bowel movements
- Vomiting
- Drain losses
- Stoma output
- Aspiration from NG/NJ/PEG tubes – recorded as either discarded or returned
What is a calculation for an average adult’s fluid requirements?
25-30mls of fluid per kg, per day
What is the general fluid intake requirement for adult men and women?
Men: 2000ml
Women: 1600ml
What is a calculation for an elderly or frail adult’s fluid requirements?
20-25mls of fluid per kg, per day
