Fluid therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Dextrose is considered _________ free

A

Electrolyte

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2
Q

The composition of Hartmann’s Solution is similar to what?

A

Extracellular fluid

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3
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A mineral dissociated from a salt that carries an electrical charge (an ion)

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4
Q

What two organs have the highest proportions of water?

A

Brain and kidneys

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5
Q

What makes up about 60 percent of the total water in the human body?

A

Intracellular fluid

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6
Q

What is fluid tonicity?

A

The concentration of asolutionas compared to another solution

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7
Q

The ideal IV fluid would be _______, meaning that it would not alter the osmolality of the fluid compartment

A

Isotonic

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8
Q

IV fluid therapy may consist of infusions of:

A

Crystalloids and/or colloids

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9
Q

What are three indications for IV fluid therapy?

A
  • Fluid resuscitation (increase circulating volume)
  • As a vehicle for IV drugs
  • “KVO” – to keep vein open – this is when IV fluids are flowing just enough to keep the IV open for future use
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10
Q

What are crystalloids made up of?

A

Water and electrolyte solutions

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11
Q

Crystalloids will cross a ________ membrane

A

Semi-permeable

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12
Q

What are examples of crystalloids?

A
  • Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
  • Dextrose
  • Hartmann’s solution AKA Ringer’s lactate
  • PlasmaLyte
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13
Q

What are three indications for sodium chloride?

A
  • IV fluid resuscitation and replacement of salt loss e.g. vomiting and diarrhoea
  • Diluting drugs
  • Diluting packed red blood cells prior to transfusion
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14
Q

What can be a complication of sodium chloride IV infusion in too large a quantity?

A

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

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15
Q

What are the indications for use of dextrose?

A
  • Maintain water balance for those unable to take anything by mouth
  • Post-operatively in conjunction with salt-retaining fluids e.g. normal saline
  • Often used as part of variable rate intravenous insulin infusion
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16
Q

What is hypernatraemia?

A

A high concentration of sodium in the blood

17
Q

The composition of Hartmann’s Solution is similar to what?

A

Extracellular fluid

18
Q

What can be complications from dextrose infusion?

A
  • Iatrogenic hyponatramia in surgical patients
  • Hyperglycaemia
  • Not compatible with blood products
19
Q

What does iatrogenic mean?

A

Relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment

20
Q

What are the indications for use of Hartmann’s Solution?

A
  • Fluid resuscitation including intraoperative fluid loss
  • Severe hypovolaemia
21
Q

What are complications associated with Hartmann’s Solution?

A
  • May cause infusion-site numbness
  • Not compatible with blood products
22
Q

What should be done if an IV infusion is not compatible with blood products?

A

A new IV giving set will need to be set up if changing between the two

23
Q

PlasmaLyte is mainly used as what?

A

A good paediatric maintenance fluid

24
Q

What are the indications for use of PlasmaLyte?

A
  • Fluid resuscitation including intraoperative fluid loss
  • Severe hypovolaemia
25
Q

Colloids initially stay almost entirely within __________

A

The intravascular space

26
Q

Colloids can leak out of the intravascular space in cases of:

A

Severe trauma or sepsis

27
Q

What is a completely natural colloid?

A

Albumin

28
Q

What are the indications for using albumin?

A
  • Emergency treatment of shock (especially due to loss of plasma)
  • Acute management of burns
  • Fluid resuscitation
  • Treatment for hypoalbuminaemia
29
Q

What is pruritus?

A

Itchy skin

30
Q

What are known side effects of albumin?

A
  • Pruritis
  • Anaphylactic reactions
  • Coagulation abnormalities
31
Q

What name is given to a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes (less water) than another?

A

Hypertonic

32
Q

Match the IV cannula colour with the correct size

A

Blue - 22
Pink - 20
Green - 18
Grey - 16
Orange - 14

33
Q

What is the name for when injected fluid enters the subcutaneous tissue rather than the vessel as intended?

A

Extravasation

34
Q

How much fluid does the average adult require per day?

A

25-30mls/kg

35
Q

Plasma is stored within the ______ fluid compartment.

A

Intracellular

36
Q
A