Airway management Flashcards
Which of these airways assessments consider how far the lower incisors can be protruded in front of the upper incisors?
Mandibular protrusion test
In which Cormac-Lehane grade can only the epiglottis be observed?
Grade 3
What is the name of the side opening on the distal tip of an endotracheal tube?
Murphy’s eye
Pin Index Safety System of oxygen
2 & 5
Pin Index Safety System of nitrous oxide
3 & 5
Piped outlet colour code of nitrous oxide
Blue
Pin Index Safety System of medical air
1 & 5
Medical air is usually used in anaesthesia as:
A carrier gas for volatile anaesthetic agents.
Piped outlet colour code of medical air
White and black quartered
Composition of entonox
50% oxygen & 50% nitrous oxide
Pin Index Safety System of entonox
7
Composition of heliox
21% oxygen & 79% helium
Cylinder colour code of heliox
White with brown and white shoulder quartering
Piped outlet colour code of entonox
Can be either blue or white (So great care must be taken to avoid incorrect connection to either O2 or N2O)
Oxidisation warning label symbol
Circle on fire
Storage Pressure warning label symbol
Sideways cylinder
Storage pressure in a medical gas cylinder can be up to:
300 bar
Temperature warning label symbol
Snowflake along with temperature
Ability to Asphyxiate warning label symbol
Sad man
Why are anaesthetic circuits designed to minimise rebreathing?
It can cause serious elevations in blood CO2 levels.
What are the advantages of inhalation induction? (8 in total)
- Less traumatic
- Allows induction where venous access is difficult
- Spontaneous ventilation
- Airway tone better maintained
- Depth of anaesthesia can be controlled
- No risk of acute anaphylaxis
- Bronchodilator effect
- Brief outpatient anaesthesia effect
What are the disadvantages and risks of inhalation induction? (8 in total)
- Smell of agent
- Airway irritation
- Traumatic second stage of anaesthesia
- Cardiovascular and respiratory depression
- Delayed definitive airway control
- Theatre pollution
- Malignant hyperthermia
- Emergence issues (such as delirium)
What are the advantages of intravenous (IV) anaesthesia? (4 in total)
- A faster/ cleaner recovery for short cases
- Less post-operative nausea and vomiting
- Less contamination from greenhouse gases than inhalational anaesthetics
- No risk of malignant hyperthermia
What are the disadvantages of intravenous (IV) anaesthesia? (4 in total)
- Unidentified disconnection or extravasation (tissuing) of the propofol infusion can lead to awareness.
- Extra equipment, training and setup are needed.
- Recovery can be slow after very long operations.
- All concentrations whether it be plasma or effect site are estimates made by the pump programme
What drugs are used for TIVA?
Propofol 1% and Remifentanil, although Alfentanil can also be used.
What drug characteristics are best for TIVA?
Fast onset and recovery
At which pressure will an adjustable pressure limiting (APL) valve open?
60cmH20
What is a contraindication for insertion of an oropharyngeal airway?
Semi-conscious patient with active gag reflex
