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Board prep LAIM > Food Animal Respiratory > Flashcards

Food Animal Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Group of dairy calves having outbreak of respiratory disease, otitis, CN VII deficits, septic joints. Top differential?
    a. Histophilus somni
    b. BHV1
    c. Mycoplasma bovis
    d. Pasteurella multocida
A

c. Mycoplasma bovis

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2
Q

What is considered pathognomonic for Vena Caval Thrombosis and Metastatic Pneumonia in cattle?

A
  • Respiratory signs with anemia
  • Widespread wheezes
  • Hemoptysis
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3
Q

By what means do bovine herpesvirus-1 spread systemically to other organs?

  1. Immune cells
  2. Red blood cells
  3. Nerve fibers
  4. Herpes-associated protein-B (HAPB)
A

A) Immune cells

Lymphocytes and macrophages, although produce little virus appear to be a means by which virus reaches extra-respiratory sites after respiratory infections.

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4
Q

In BHV-1, how are the lungs in necropsy?

A

Lesions in respiratory, ocular, and reproductive mucosa, but do NOT extend to the lungs. “Boom!”

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5
Q

Diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis “bovine farmer’s lung”

A

Antibody to S. rectivirgula

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6
Q

Cow with lesion in lung caudodorsally

A

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus

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7
Q
  1. How does the immune response to vaccination cause worsening of disease with bovine syncytial virus?
    a. Increased IL 8 production –> overwhelming neutrophil chemotaxis –> lung tissue destruction
    b. Increased IgG production from vaccine –> purpura-like vasculitis–> systemic illness
    c. Increased IgE from vaccine/natural exposure –> degranulation of mast cells–> severe lower airway pathology
    d. Increased adhesion of neutrophils to pathogen –> secondary neutropenia + immune suppresion
A

c. Increased IgE from vaccine/natural exposure –> degranulation of mast cells–> severe lower airway pathology

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8
Q

What is the most common isolate of Mannheimia hemolytica found in pneumonic lung due to BRD?

  1. A1
  2. A2
  3. A7
  4. A9
A

A. A1

  • A2 in sheep and goats
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9
Q

Which is the most common virus isolated from lungs of calves euthanized for pneumonia

A

Bovine parainflueza 3

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10
Q

“Calf pneumonia” is usually referred to which infectious agent?

A

P. multocida

  • Chronic or ongoing pneumonia
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11
Q

Lesions of Haemophilus in cattle

A

Pleuritis, myocarditis, fibrinopurulent pneumonia

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12
Q

This clinical presentation corresponds most likely to which condition?

A

Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

  • Frothy fluid in the respiratory tract
  • Evident with the wheelbarrow test
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13
Q

Important source of infection of M. mycoides LCT

A

Does that recover from mastitis become chronic carriers

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14
Q

Main characteristic of M. hemolytica lung lesions

A

CV, fibrinous pleuritis **Necrotizing fibrinous pleuropneumonia**

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15
Q

What is the function of the surface glycoproteins in BHV-1 infection?

A

Surface glycoproteins gC, gD, gB interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycans for cell attachment and entry

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16
Q

What are the six different components of Mannheimia hemolytica that causes pathogenicity ?

A
  1. Exotoxin (leukotoxin) - binds to cells via CD18 - contact increases expression of LFA-1 on ruminant leukocytes (increases sensitivity to injury). Low concentration: leukocyte death via apoptosis. Higher concentration: cell lysis.
  2. LPS - Excessive inflammation. Potentiates effects of Leukotoxin. IL-8 expression is especially important because it is a major inducer of neutrophil chemotaxis.
  3. Polysaccharide capsule - aids in attachment and prevents phagocytosis by neutrophils
  4. IROMP (Iron regulated outer membrane proteins)- bind transferrin - alters function of neutrophils
  5. Adhesions - mediate attachment to host cells
  6. Neuraminidase - aid in host colonization - decrease viscosity of respiratory mucus and decrease repellant negative charge on host cells by cleaving sialic acid residues.
17
Q

Lung lesions for M. bovis

A
  • Caseonecrotic lesions
  • Foci of coagulation necrosis
18
Q

Pathophysiology of OPP

A

Ingestion of milk/colostrum → monocytes or macrophages → spread to tissues

19
Q

With respect to BRSV and vaccination of calves before 1 month old

A

vaccination of calves before 1 month old is not effective.

20
Q
  1. Which best describes the pathophys of interstitial pneumonia/fog fever?
    a. eat lush grass with tryptophan –> forms perilla ketones –> directly kills clara cells/type 1 pneumocytes in lungs
    b. eat lush grass with tryptophan –> forms 3 methyl-indole in rumen –> directly kills clara cells/type 1 pneumocytes in lungs
    c. eat lush grass with tryptophan –> forms perilla ketones –> metabolized by clara cells/type 1 pneumocytes in lungs into toxic byproducts
    d. eat lush grass with tryptophan –> forms 3 methyl-indole in rumen –> metabolized by clara cells/type 1 pneumocytes in lungs into toxic byproducts
A

d. eat lush grass with tryptophan –> forms 3 methyl-indole in rumen –> metabolized by clara cells/type 1 pneumocytes in lungs into toxic byproducts

21
Q

Test for carriers of Mycoplasma mycoides-large colony type

A

PCR of auricular swabs

“hot swollen joints”

22
Q

3 important features of ABPEE

A
  1. Absence of coughing
  2. No signs of sepsis
  3. No adventitious lung sounds
23
Q

Main features in the pathogenesis of H. somni

A

Binds to Fc in antibody –> preventing opsonization

Vasculitis and vascular thrombi Induce IgE

24
Q

Cow in feedlot with fever, cough, red nose. Main differential?

A

BHV-1

25
Q

ATBs to be used in prophylaxis for M. hemolytica

A

Tilmicosin, florfenicol

26
Q

Vaccine with highest efficacy to decrease BRDC?

A

Killed: BVDV MLV: BHV-1, BRSV, PI3

27
Q
  • Most common lung worm in small ruminants
  • where is the adult parasite located?
A

Muellerius capillaris

  • Goat: subpleural tissue
  • Sheep: nodules

*Resistant to levamisole

28
Q

Why is Mycoplasma bovis resistant to b-lactams?

A

Bacteria lacks cell wall

  • Chronic pneumonia and polyarthritis
29
Q

Virulence factor of M. bovis

A

Variable surface proteins (VSPs)

Lack of cell wall –> resistant to b-lactams

30
Q

Thin ewe syndrome

A

Ovine progressive pneumonia - Maedi visna

  • Aseptic indurative lymphocytic mastitis

Board prep LAIM (9 decks)

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