Food Animal GI 1 Flashcards
Which of the following type of Clostridium perfringens is considered a normal inhabitant of the gut in many herbivorous species?
a. ) Type A
b. ) Type B
c. ) Type C
d. ) Type D
e. ) Type E
How could a ruminat get infected with malignant catarrhal fever?
a. Inhalation of aerisolized virus from a OvHV-2 infected lamb
b. Direct contact with nasal secretions from a OvHV-2 infected steer
c. Infection via infected tick from a sheep
d. oral-fecal transmision from a OvHV-2 infected and symptomatic sheep
a. Inhalation of aerisolized virus from a OvHV-2 infected lamb
What is a common lesion in cattle?
What are the hallmarks (in serum chemistry) of abomasal volvulus?
- Metabolic alkalosis, hyperchloremia, hyperkalemia.
- Metabolic acidosis, low bicarbonate, hyperchloremia
- Metabolic alkalosis, hypochloremia, hypokalemia
- Metabolic acidosis, low bicarbonate, hyperkalemia.
- Metabolic alkalosis, hypochloremia, hypokalemia
“Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis”
What is an alternative treatment option for lumpy jaw?
Isoniazid
- 10 mg/kg/day
- Not on pregnant
- Prolonged withdrawal
A ruminant presents anxious, with ptyalorrhea, repeated attempts to swallow, staggering, and bloat. What are your top differential and initial plan?
- Rabies, quarantine
- FMD, examine mouth and coronary bands for lesions
- Choke, pass a stomach tube
- Rhizoctonia leguminicola, IV fluids
c. Choke, pass a stomach tube
What is your emergency treatment option in case the animal presents with severe respiratory distress?
Lets talk about this condition…
What are true statements?
a. > sheep, endothelial tropism, > fall, vaccine not effective
b. > goat, culicoid transmitted, > winter, vaccine is effective
c. > cattle, epitheliotropic, muzzle edema, colostrum protects
d. > goat, epitheliotropic, > spring, colostrum not protective
d. > goat, epitheliotropic, > spring, colostrum not protective
Orf encodes prot-like mammalian vascular endothelial growth factor → mediates vascular permeability, angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation
Actinobacillus lignieresii is a gram negative rod, which is a normal inhabitant of the rumen and mouth of ruminants, and is the causative agent of “Lumpy jaw disease”.
- True
- False
False. Actinobacillus lignieresii causes “Woody tongue disease/actinobacillosis”
If you suspect of dummy lamb syndrome, what is a question to ask to the owner?
Was the ewe vaccinated using a MLV?
A 2 year old Merino sheep is presented to you for evaluation of fever (105F) of a few days duration, anorexia, edema/swelling of the face and lips, excessive salivation, serous nasal discharge, hyperemia of the oral mucosa (cyanotic), and lameness. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- Foot and mouth disease
- Sore mouth (contagious ecthyma)
- Bluetongue
- Peste des petits ruminants
- Bluetongue
About abomasal displacement. Which statement is correct about the pathophysiology?
- Abomasal hypomotility is an absolute pre-requisite. Left-displaced abomasum is more common.
- Right-displaced abomasum is more common and the highest incidence is in adult dairy cattle.
- It’s hypothesized that the displacement will be orientated according to the size of the rumen, this when the rumen is small and empty a RDA occurs.
- Metabolic acidosis, ketosis and hepatic lipidosis are common biochemistry findings of cows with LDA.
- Abomasal hypomotility is an absolute pre-requisite. Left-displaced abomasum is more common.
Clinical features of actinomycosis “lumpy jaw” in cattle
a. hard and mobile painful mass, anywhere in the mandible
b. Hard, immobile mass anywhere in the mandible; will drain in initial stage
c. Hard, immobile mass, painless, horizontal ramus; drains in advance stage
d. Soft mass, immobile, painless, never involves teeth
c. Hard, immobile mass, painless, horizontal ramus; drains in advance stage
What are the adverse effects of sodium iodide in the treatment of actinomycosis in cattle?
a. ) Effective, but considered unacceptable for use in food animals
b. ) Lacrimation, cough, inappetence, diarrhea, dandruff
c. ) Prolonged withdrawal period, and potential for abortion
d. ) Can cause tetanic muscle fasciculations if given too quickly.
b.) Lacrimation, cough, inappetence, diarrhea, dandruff
Which of these are not true about Bluetongue in cattle?
- They are an especially important amplifying host
- Clinical disease is uncommon, but can occur with certain strains and circumstances
- Depending on clinical signs exhibited, Bluetongue virus can look like FMD, bovine popular stomatitis, MCF, Rinderpest, mucosal disease (BVD)
- Only occurs during spring and summer months through bites of certain tick species
d. Only occurs during spring and summer months through bites of certain tick species
How is BTV transmitted and what is the main role of cattle?
Lumpy Jaw, or Actinomycosis, caused by a gram-positive, nonencapsulated, branching, filamentous bacterium that is a normal inhabitant of the ruminant mouth. What is the appropriate treatment and prevention?
- IV 10-20% Sodium iodide IV, once weekly up to 3 treatments or until iodism occurs, curettage of the fistulous tract, and vaccination against Actinomyces bovis.
- IV 10-20% Sodium iodide IV once weekly iodism occurs, systemic antibiotic, and avoid feeding coarse, stemmy feeds, feeds with hard, penetrating plant awns, and other sharp materials.
- Systemic antibiotics, curettage and flushing of fistulous tracts, and vaccination against Actinomyces bovis.
- Systemic aminoglycosides, complete resection of affected tissue, and avoiding coarse, stemmy feeds.
b. IV 10-20% Sodium iodide IV once weekly iodism occurs, systemic antibiotic, and avoid feeding coarse, stemmy feeds, feeds with hard, penetrating plant awns, and other sharp materials.
What is the pathophysiology?
Virulence factor for BTV?
a. Leukotoxin
b. Piolysin
c. VP2 caspid protein
d. L3 protein on viral envelope
c. VP2 caspid protein
Genetic shift/drift → variability
In BTV, after entering the organism, which are the main sites of virus replication?
a. Intestinal lamina propria, lymphoid associated tissues
b. endothelium and mononuclear paghocytic cells
c. endothelium and intetinal epithelium
d. nasopharyngeal mucosa and regional lymph nodes
b. endothelium and mononuclear paghocytic cells
* Vasculature, draining LNs –> lungs, LNs, spleen
It is fall already, and you are called to assess a newborn calf because of abnormal color of the cornea. After looking at the animal you decide to run some tests, yes, you do suspect of certain infectious disease…
Which animal would you test and what type of diagnostic? Would you be 100% confident this condition is causing the clinical signs?
“White eye calf” lesion –> calves born from cows infected with BTV
Test the dam, ELISA antibody for VP7 protein
- Does not differentiate between natural exposure or MLV
- qPCR → (+) for ~ 6 months → still not proof of disease causality
- Fetus can be born viremic (Ab neg)
