Food Animal

Question 1

Why are ruminants difficult to intubate?

Answer 1

1) mouth doesn’t open very far
2) risk of regurgitation and aspiration
3) right cranial lung lobe comes directly from trachea, so ET tube can accidentally be placed in the bronchus
4) shifting of weight puts pressure on diaphragm when in dorsal or lateral recumbency

Question 2

5 side effects of anesthesia in ruminants

Answer 2

1. salivation (can’t use anticholinergics)
2. bloat
3. regurgitation
4. aspiration

Question 3

Dose of xylazine in ruminants

Answer 3

1/10th the dose used in horses and dogs

not an effective sedative in swine*

Question 4

What is the MoA of tolazoline?

Answer 4

mixed alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptor antagonist

Question 5

What are the side effects of tolazoline?

Answer 5

• can reverse xylazine-induced sedation
• excitation
• hypotension, reflex tachycardia

Question 6

What are the side effects of atipamezole?

Answer 6

• excitation
• hypotension
• reflex tachycardia

Question 7

What are the side effects of morphine?

Answer 7

-analgesia
-bradycardia
-decrease in minute ventilation
-decrease in gut motility
CONSTIPATION

Question 8

Fasting ruminants (cows, goats, sheep)

Answer 8

-withold food for 24 hours and water for 12 hours

Question 9

Fasting swine

Answer 9

-withold food for 8 hours and water for 2 hours