Equine

Question 1

Acepromazine in horses

Answer 1

• reflex tachycardia
• avoid in stressed or hypovolemic horses
• penile prolapse in stallions

Question 2

Midazolam in horses

Answer 2

• good in foals; unreliable in adults
• very few CVS effects
• NO ANALGESIA
• good muscle relaxation

Question 3

Xylazine in horses

Answer 3

APPROVED

• sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation
• reflex bradycardia
• decreased GI motility

Question 4

Medetomidine and Detomidine

Answer 4

alpha 2: medetomidine is NOT approved for horses

• sedation, analgesia, muscle relaxation
• profound sedation with significant ataxia
• reflex bradycardia
• decreased GI motility

Question 5

Butorphanol in horses

Answer 5

-mu antagonist, kappa agonist
-limited effect on GI motility
-visceral analgesia
APPROVED IN HORSES

Question 6

Ketamine in horses

Answer 6

-poor muscle relaxation
-analgesic at subanesthetic doses
NOT APPROVED

Question 7

How sensitive are horses to procaine?

Answer 7

20x more sensitive than humans

Question 8

pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics

Answer 8

1. lidocaine is moderately protein bound
2. clearance is dependent on cardiac output and hepatic blood flow
3. low plasma conc can adversely affect recovery from anesthesia

Question 9

significant side effects of NSAID

Answer 9

1. gastric ulcers
2. platelet function
3. renal blood flow

Question 10

significant side effects of pred and dexamethasone

Answer 10

1. delayed wound healing
2. abortion in the last trimester
3. laminitis??

Question 11

anesthetic problems in horses

Answer 11

• compression of diaphragm by abdominal viscera (may compromise lung function)
• regurg can be an issue in horses with upper GI obstruction (fast for 8 hr; no water for 2 hrs)

Question 12

lidocaine in horses

Answer 12

• can be used for post op ileus

- overdose can cause CNS toxicity