Food and Airborne Diseases

Question 1

_________ involve fecal-oral route. Pathogens in fecal matter contaminate food and water, the pathogens are then ingested and cause disease in the host.

Answer 1

Foodborne and Waterborne

Question 2

______ is caused by consuming a pathogen in food and/or water. The pathogens will then invade and multiply in the intestinal lining.

Answer 2

Bacterial Infection

Question 3

_______ tend to have a long incubation period. The signs and symptoms happen slowly and usually involve a fever.

Answer 3

Bacterial Infection

Question 4

_______ is caused by consuming a toxin in food. Toxins are produced by the pathogen and enter the bloodstream.

Answer 4

Bacterial Intoxication

Question 5

________ tend to have a short incubation period. The signs and symptoms happen quickly and do not involve a fever.

Answer 5

Bacterial Intoxication

Question 6

This disease is caused by a pathogen that produces a heat-stable enterotoxin that causes a fever.

Answer 6

Staphylococcal Food Intoxication

Question 7

This disease is caused by endospore-forming pathogens that grow in an anaerobic environment, typically found in contaminated canned food.

Answer 7

Botulism

Question 8

This disease produces a potent heat-liable neurotoxin that spreads throughout the bloodstream and targets the Nervous System, causing flaccid paralysis.

Answer 8

Botulism

Question 9

This disease is caused by endospore-forming pathogens that grow in an anaerobic environment and are transmitted through contaminated medical equipment.

Answer 9

Clostridium difficile - Associated Diarrhea

Question 10

This disease is caused by the extended use of antibiotics and is mostly acquired in a health-care setting. This disease causes life-threatening colitis, which is the ulceration and perforation of the intestinal wall, which can potentially lead to bloody diarrhea.

Answer 10

Clostridium difficile - Associated Diarrhea

Question 11

This disease is caused by a motile pathogen that can grow in the presence and absence of oxygen. The pathogen multiplies in phagocytes and has an incubation period that lasts hours.

Answer 11

Salmonellosis

Question 12

The chronic carriers of this disease can still be infectious for up to 6 months and can be found on contaminated poultry, fruits, vegetables, raw eggs, and pet reptiles.

Answer 12

Salmonellosis

Question 13

This disease is caused by a motile pathogen that can grow in the presence and absence of oxygen. The pathogen multiplies in phagocytes and has an incubation period that lasts for weeks.

Answer 13

Typhoid Fever

Question 14

Symptoms of this disease are a prolonged high fever of 104°F and skin rash on the trunk.

Answer 14

Typhoid Fever

Question 15

This disease is a bacterial infection that causes severe damage to the intestinal lining resulting in bloody mucous diarrhea.

Answer 15

Shigellosis

Question 16

A bacterial infection of an enterotoxigenic E. coli strain causes this disease. This disease is transmitted by fecal-contaminated water by coliforms.

Answer 16

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Question 17

This disease is caused by E.coli 0157:H7, which produces Shiga toxin by altering the DNA of E. coli with the Shiga toxin gene via Horizontal Gene Transfer. The Shiga toxin causes colitis and profuse bloody diarrhea. Severe causes of this disease can lead to Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome which can cause death.

Answer 17

Hemorrhagic Colitis

Question 18

This disease is caused by a power exotoxin that causes sudden water loss in high volumes. In the stools of patients infected with this disease are chunks of their mucosal lining.

Answer 18

Cholera

Question 19

This disease is passed from livestock and wild animals to humans. This disease can cause a daily wave-like high fever of 104°F. This disease is typically treated by a prolonged intake of antibiotics.

Answer 19

Brucellosis

Question 20

This disease is caused by an RNA animal virus that can multiply in the epithelial lining of the intestinal tract and spread throughout the blood. This disease affects the liver, kidneys, and spleen.

Answer 20

Hepatitis A

Question 21

Children infected with this disease are typically asymptomatic, while adults do exhibit symptoms. In the later stages of the disease, patients can develop Jaundice

Answer 21

Hepatitis A

Question 22

This disease is common among children who frequently attend daycare. This disease is more prevalent in Winter, has an incubation period lasting days, and causes a low-grade fever, diarrhea, and vomiting for a week. The best method of prevention is a live oral vaccine.

Answer 22

Viral Gastroenteritis (Rotavirus)

Question 23

This disease is more common in adults, has a low ID50, and has an incubation period lasting hours. There are common outbreaks of this disease on cruise ships and there is no vaccine to prevent this disease.

Answer 23

Viral Gastroenteritis (Norovirus)

Question 24

This disease is caused by a virus that multiplies in motor neurons. This disease destroys motor neurons and leads to lower limb paralysis. There are two methods of prevention: an injected inactivated vaccine and a weakened oral vaccine (lifelong immunity).

Answer 24

Poliomyelitis

Question 25

This disease has a multi-stage lifecycle, which begins as dormant cysts in water and becomes active trophozoites that attach to the intestinal cell wall. This disease causes prolonged diarrhea and hydrogen sulfide gas.

Answer 25

Giardiasis

Question 26

This disease has a multi-stage lifecycle, which begins as dormant cysts in water and becomes active trophozoites that attach, perforate, and ulcerate the intestinal cell wall. Trophozoites cause blood dysentery and can invade the liver -> cause necrotic liver abscesses. One way to diagnose this disease is by examining trophozoites with ingested red blood cells.

Answer 26

Amoebiasis

Question 27

________ is the study of parasites; typically limited to parasitic protozoa, helminths, and arthropods

Answer 27

Parasitology

Question 28

________ is the continuous sequence of morphological changes undergone by an organism, as part of its reproduction.

Answer 28

Life cycle

Question 29

______ occurs in the definitive/primary host.

Answer 29

Sexual Reproduction

Question 30

________ occurs in the intermediate/secondary host.

Answer 30

Asexual Reproduction

Question 31

_______ are prevalent globally, present in Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and can become EIDs.

Answer 31

Tapeworm Infections

Question 32

______ occur when an adult tapeworm infects the intestine.

Answer 32

Taeniasis

Question 33

_______ occur due to an infection with the larval stage (by ingesting eggs).

Answer 33

Cysticercosis

Question 34

________ occurs when larvae are lodged in the eye.

Answer 34

Ophthalmic cysticercosis

Question 35

______ occur when larvae develop in the Central Nervous System.

Answer 35

Neurocysticercosis

Question 36

________ have a multi-stage lifecycle that starts with eggs, oncospheres, cysticerci larvae, and adult tapeworm

Answer 36

Tapeworms (Beef Tapeworms)

Question 37

For beef tapeworms, ______ is the definitive host that reproduces through sexual reproduction.

Answer 37

Human

Question 38

For beef tapeworms, ______ is the intermediate host that reproduces through asexual reproduction.

Answer 38

Cattle

Question 39

This disease is transmitted through contaminated/undercooked beef, causes abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue, and can be diagnosed by the presence of eggs and proglottids in a stool sample.

Answer 39

Beef Tapeworm Infection

Question 40

________ is caused by highly infectious protein particles, highly resistant, causes progressive degeneration of brain disease, incarceration is the only prevention, and affects cattle.

Answer 40

Mad Cow Disease

Question 41

________ is caused by highly infectious protein particles, highly resistant, causes progressive degeneration of brain disease, incarceration is the only prevention, and affects humans.

Answer 41

Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD)

Question 42

________ is caused by highly infectious protein particles, highly resistant, causes progressive degeneration of brain disease, incarceration is the only prevention, and affects sheep.

Answer 42

Sheep Scrapie

Question 43

What can be inferred about Joy’s situation?
Joy recently went out bowling with friends and took home the leftover pizza and wings. By the time, she got home, she was too tired and left the pizza and wings uncovered on her counter. Joy decided to eat her leftovers the following afternoon and began experiencing nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and a fever 2 hours after eating.

Answer 43

A. Joy’s food had an enterotoxin that is resistant to hot temperatures.
B. A pathogen directly caused her illness.
C. A heat-sensitive enterotoxin caused her illness.
D. Two of the above.