Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 220 Exam 2 Reversed Edition > Chapter 17 - Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

________ are human defenses that develop late to handle a particular microbe. _______ can be acquired through infection or immunization.

A

Adaptive Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

________ have specific recognition and response to a specific microbe. ________ also has immunological memory and has a slower immune response than Innate Immunity.

A

Adaptive Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_______ is the study of host defenses against foreign substances (antigens).

A

Immunology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_______ is a substance that stimulates a certain immune response through antibody production. Examples of ______ are pathogens, foreign substances, and vaccines.

A

Antigen (Ag)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

________ are protective proteins made by the host in response to certain antigens. _______ are also known as immunoglobulins (Ig).

A

Antibody (Ab)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

________ attacks antigens that have entered the cell (intracellular Ag’s, animal virus present inside host cell)

A

Cell-Mediated Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

________ fight invaders and threats outside of the cell (extracellular Ag’s and toxins)

A

Humoral Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

______involves B cells which “indirectly” make antibodies that help destroy antigens

A

Humoral Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

__________ produces T cells that recognize parts of antigens that get processed by phagocytes & will destroy the antigen.

A

Cell-Mediated Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_______ are external components that antibodies bind to at the surface of antigens

A

Antigenic Determinants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

________ binds to antigenic determinate and is found at the ends of the arms.

A

Variable Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_______ is the stem of the antibody.

A

Constant Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_________ is a monomer, the most abundant Ig in the blood, lives for several weeks, and can be found in the blood, lymph, and intestine.

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_______ crosses the placenta (transplacental passage), enhances phagocytosis, and neutralizes toxins and viruses

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_______ is a pentamer, the largest antibody, and remains in blood vessels.

A

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_______ causes clumping (agglutination) of microbes and is the primary response to an infection.

A

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

________ is mostly a dimer in secretions, the most abundant in the body is common on mucous membrane surfaces and in secretions.

A

IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_________ prevents microbial attachment of pathogens to mucous membranes.

A

IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_______ is a monomer, can be found in blood, lymph, on B cells, and is involved in self-tolerance. Self-tolerance is the ability to tolerate yourself so the immune system doesn’t attack itself.

A

IgD

18
Q

________ causes the release of histamines from mast cells and destroys parasitic worm infections.

A

IgE

18
Q

_______ is a monomer, that can be found on mast cells, basophils, and in blood.

A

IgE

19
Q

_______ is the process of B cell activation. Surface immunoglobulins on B cells recognize a specific Ag which means that B call now gets selected

A

Clonal Selection

20
Q

_________ happen when the “selected” B cell proliferates into a clone of activated B cells that will now differentiate into:
Memory B cells give rise to Plasma cells which create antibodies.

A

Clonal expansion

20
Q

______ forms when Ab’s bind to Ag’s.

A

Ag-Ab complex (Immune Complex)

21
Q

_______ is when IgM causes clumping of microbes to later be “eaten” by a phagocyte.

A

Agglutination

22
Q

_______ is when IgG attaches to the antigen and enhances phagocytosis.

A

Opsonization

23
Q

________ is when IgG blocks the antigen from reaching the blood vessel wall. If IgG fails to bind to the antigen, then IgA that lines the blood vessel wall will bind to the antigen.

A

Neutralization

24
Q

_______ is when Immune complex forms, -> complement proteins bind to the stem of Ab -> complement proteins lyse the pathogen.

A

Activation of Complement

25
Q

_______ is when IgE attaches to the worm, forming an immune complex.

A

ADCC

25
Q

_________ activate TC cells that are involved in cell-mediated immunity. _______ also activates memory B cells that produce antibodies.

A

Helper T cells (TH cells)

26
Q

________ destroy target cells on contact by binding to the infected cell and releasing enzymes to make lesions on the infected cell.

A

Cytotoxic T cells (TC cells) aka: Killer T cells

27
Q

_______ suppresses/turns off immune response when it is not needed. This is needed to prevent your immune system from attacking itself.

A

Regulatory T cells (TR cells)

28
Q

_______ produces a delayed and exaggerated immune response that can occur from days to years.

A

Delayed Hypersensitivity T cells (TD cells)

29
Q

________ promotes a relatively “faster” and stronger immune response than the primary immune response as a result of 2nd encounter with the same antigen.

A

Memory T cells

30
Q

_______ are located in lymphoid tissue in the GI tract and present the digested pathogen to TH cells. Both ______ and TH cells release cytokines that lead to: TC cells getting activated and directly destroying infected host cells or B cells getting activated to produce antibodies.

A

Antigen-Presenting Cells

30
Q

________ is an example of an APC, activated by cytokines or the ingestion of pathogens. ______ migrate to the lymphoid tissue, engulf and present fragmented antigens to TH cells.

A

Macrophages

31
Q

______ are an example of an APC, which engulfs and degrades pathogens and presents them to TH cells. __________ are found in the skin.

A

Dendritic cells

32
Q

_______ are cells that belong to innate immunity and are involved in the destruction of extracellular parasites and worms, tumor cells, and animal virus-infected cells

A

Natural Killer cells (NK cells)

33
Q

________ occurs during the first exposure to antigen or vaccination. IgM is made first and peaks first. Memory cells will be produced for future activation.

A

Primary Immune Reponse

34
Q

________ occurs after the 2nd exposure to the same antigen and IgG is produced in higher quantities compared to IgM. ________ is more rapid and a stronger immune response than primary and lasts for days. The memory cells from the first exposure are activated by the second exposure cells.

A

Secondary Immune Response

35
Q

______ is the amount or concentration of antibodies in the serum.

A

Antibody Titer

36
Q

________ results from an infection.

A

Naturally acquired active immunity

37
Q

________ is acquired through transplacental or via breast milk.

A

Naturally acquired passive immunity

38
Q

________ is acquired through an injection of vaccination.

A

Artificially acquired active immunity

39
Q

________ is acquired through an injection of antibodies.

A

Artificially acquired passive immunity

BIOL 220 Exam 2 Reversed Edition (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions