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MNTLec > Food Allergy and Intolerance > Flashcards

Food Allergy and Intolerance Flashcards

1
Q

any adverse response to food

A

Adverse food reaction

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2
Q

Difficulty of digesting food
Gas
Lactose intolerance - inability to digest lactose
Routine allergy testing - not effective in Food intolerance

A

Food intolerances

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3
Q

IgE mediated reaction, occurs when the immune system, erroneously identified food protein as harmful

A

Food allergy

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4
Q

caused by toxic, pharmacologic, metabolic, idiosyncratic, or non-immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactions to food or chemical substances in food.

ICD - 10 code K90.4

A

Food intolerance

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5
Q

Immunoglobulin A

A

Celiac

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6
Q

Lack of enzyme

A

Metabolic

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7
Q

Caffeine sensitivity

A

Pharmacologic

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8
Q

Red tide seasons

A

Toxic

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9
Q

Undefined
Sulfites

A

Idiopathic

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10
Q

represent altered reactivity to antigen called allergens

A

Allergic reactions

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11
Q

defined as those specific components of food and ingredients within food (typically protein) that are recognized by allergen-specific immune cells and elicit specific immunologic

A

Food allergens

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12
Q

foods with high protein content, usually of plant or marine origin

A

Common Food Allergens

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13
Q

Hereditary, Antigen exposure, GI permeability, Amount of antigen presented, Environmental factors

A

Risk Factors

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14
Q

this law identified eight foods as major food allergens: milk, eggs, fish, Crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans.

A

Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA)

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15
Q

was signed into law, declaring sesame as the 9th major food allergen recognized by the United States.

A

Food Allergy Safety, Treatment, Education, and Research (FASTER) Act of 2021

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16
Q

Swelling of lips, face, eyes
Hives or welts
Tingling of mouth
Abdominal pain, vomiting

A

Mild to Moderate

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17
Q

Difficult or noisy breathing
Swelling of tongue
Swelling/tightness in throat
Difficulty talking and/or hoarse voice
Wheeze or persistent cough
Persistent dizziness or collapse
Pale and floppy (young children)

A

Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)

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18
Q

used for chronic symptoms such as hives, angioedema, and eczema all forms of food must be removed from the diet.

A

Food elimination diet

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19
Q

Only _____ suspect foods at a time for each 2-week period is eliminated.

A

1 or 2

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20
Q

foods are challenged one at a time on different days
Double blind placebo controlled challenge(DBPCF)

A

Oral food challenge

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21
Q

Gold standard in diagnosing an allergy

A

Double blind placebo controlled challenge(DBPCF)

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22
Q

do not point to the severity

A

Skin and blood

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23
Q

When oral challenge is made

A

4-6 doses
15-20 minutes

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24
Q

feed normal portion in a safe way

A

Main goal

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25
Q

Patients asked to avoid

A

antihistamines

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26
Q

IgE mediated typically occurs

A

1-2 hrs upon intake

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27
Q

given medication

A

Epinephrine

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28
Q

Most patients have increased QOL and safe for Food allergies.

A

Oral challenge

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29
Q

measures the levels of allergy antibody, or IgE, produced when your blood is mixed with a series of allergens in a laboratory.

A

The blood test

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30
Q

applying an extract of an allergy to your skin through:

scratching or pricking the skin to allow exposure
injecting the allergen under the skin
applying it to a patch that is worn on the skin for a specified period of time
Types:
scratch test, intradermal test, and the patch test
Skin prick or scratch test
Intradermal skin testing

A

Skin testing

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31
Q

A drop of antigen is placed on the skin and the skin is then scratched or punctured to allow penetration

A

Skin testing (scratch, prick, puncture)

32
Q

Serum is mixed with food on a paper disk and then washed with radioactively labeled IgE

A

Radioallegosorbent

33
Q

Much like RAST, except that no radioactive material is used

A

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

34
Q

Compared to RAST, this test binds more allergen

A

CAP-RAST fluroscein-enzyme immunoassay (FEIA)

35
Q

Allergen is disguised and given orally and patient monitored for reaction; patient and MD blinded; also tested with placebo

A

Double-blind, placebo-contolled food challenge (DBPCFC)

36
Q

Techniques of precipitation hemaggulation, complement fixation; requires special expertise

A

Specific IgH, IgM, igA antibody assays

37
Q

Blood testing for food-specific IgG4.

A

IgG4

38
Q

giving minute amounts of offending food until the persons tolerates it completely

A

Desensitization

39
Q

total avoidance of the offending food or food substance

A

Elimination

40
Q

Essentiality of nutrient
Fatality of symptoms

A

Bases of dietary judgment

41
Q

4 steps in elimination diet

A

Planning
Avoiding
Challenging
Create a long term diet

42
Q

is a serious, potentially life-threatening allergic response that is marked by swelling

A

Anaphylaxis

43
Q

Anti- histamine
Anti-inflammatory
Epinephrine

A

MNT

44
Q

if you have been diagnosed with IgE-mediated food allergy, non-IgEmediated food allergy, or food allergy in combination with eczema, asthma, or EoE,

A

you should avoid the –allergenic food.

45
Q

if you have eczema, asthma, or EoE and you have not been diagnosed with food allergy

A

you should not avoid foods that may be allergenic as a way to manage your eczema, asthma, or EoE.

46
Q

Caused by nonimmunologic or non-IgE mechanisms
adverse reaction to a food caused by toxic, pharmacologic, metabolic, or idiosyncratic reactions to the food or chemical substances in the food

A

Food Intolerance

47
Q

you may be able to eat small amounts of the offending food without trouble

A

food intolerance

48
Q

Uses various substrates like glucose, lactulose, lactose and fructose
Used to diagnose small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and lactose or fructose malabsorption

A

Hydrogen Breath Test

49
Q

__ g lactulose, __ g glucose, __ g lactose or __ g fructose

A

10, 100, 50, 25

50
Q

Fasting overnight
Avoid slowly absorbed carbohydrates (like bread and potato) and fiber
No smoking and exercise 2 hours before the test
No pro-motility, anti-motility drugs, antibiotics and other drugs
Brush teeth and rinse mouth

A

Before the test

51
Q

All samples of breath are analyzed for hydrogen and methane every

A

15 minutes for 2 to 4 hours.

52
Q

Rise in hydrogen by 20 ppm above basal after lactose ingestion is considered

A

positive lactose HBT

53
Q

Failure of blood sugar to rise by 20 mg/dL at 30 minutes after ingestion of lactose is considered as

A

positive lactose tolerance test

54
Q

Rise in hydrogen by 20 ppm above basal after fructose ingestion is

A

positive fructose HBT

55
Q

Group of diseases that affect a wide variety of metabolic processes. These are genetic errors caused by defects in specific proteins (enzymes) needed to effectively process or transport small molecules such as amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, and metals. The disorder may result in the accumulation of harmful compounds in the body or can result in deficiencies of substances needed for normal growth and development. Some of the symptoms are fatal and irreversible (Nelms et al., 2016)

A

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

56
Q

Foods containing lactose and mammalian milk

A

Enzyme deficiency lactase

57
Q

Fava or broad beans

A

Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase

58
Q

Foods containing sucrose or fructose

A

Fructase

59
Q

Symptoms may be precipitated by many foods, especially high-fat foods or certain proteins

A

Cystic Fibrosis
Gallbladder disease
Enteropathies

60
Q

Foods containing phenylalanine

A

Phenylketonuria

61
Q

Foods containing lactose or galactose

A

Galactosemia

62
Q

Symptoms may be precipitated by any food.

A

Psychological reactions

63
Q

Chocolate, aged cheese, red wine

A

Phenylethylamine

64
Q

Cheddar cheese, french cheeses, brewer’s yeast, chianti wine, canned fish

A

Tyramine

65
Q

Fermented cheeses, fermented foods 9e.g. Sauerkraut, pork, sausages, canned tuna, anchovies, sardines)

A

Hystamine

66
Q

Shellfish, chocolate, strawberries, tomatoes, peanuts, pork, wine, pineapple

A

Hystamine-releasing agents

67
Q

Yellow or yellow orange-colored foods, soft drinks, medicine

A

Tartrazine or FD&C yellow no.5

68
Q

Soft drinks and some cheeses, salt- free margarines and processed potato products

A

Benzoic acid or sodium benzoate

69
Q

Shrimp, many processed foods, avocado, instant potatoes, dried fruits and vegetables and fresh fruits and vegetables treated with sulfites to prevent browning, acidic juices, wine beer.

A

Sulfites

70
Q

Unrefrigerated scombroid fish (tuna, bonita, mackerel); het-stable toxin produced

A

Proteus causes histidine to breakdown to a histamine-like substance (anaphylactic type reaction)

71
Q

Mussels and clams that ingest the organism that produces saxitoin, a heat-stable neurotoxin

A

Gonyaulax catanella (red tide)

72
Q

Diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders may be done thru

A

testing for specific metabolites.

73
Q
A
74
Q

Elevations or deficiencies of certain substrates can point to the

A

location of the enzymatic block and thus the specific disorder.

75
Q

is the screening of all newborns for a limited number of the more common inborn errors of metabolism (Nelms, 2016). NBS is done immediately after 24 h from birth of the infant.

A

Newborn screening (NBS)

76
Q

Maintain biochemical equilibrium for the affected pathway;

A

The goals of medical nutrition therapy

MNTLec (4 decks)

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