Food

Question 1

The need for food?

Answer 1

1. A source of energy

2. For raw materials that are needed growth and repair tissue.

Question 2

The elements of food?

Answer 2

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulphur

Question 3

What is a biomolecule?

Answer 3

Are chemicals that are made inside of a living.

Question 4

What are the types of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides .

Question 5

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 5

they are composed of a single unit. An example would be glucose and fructose

Question 6

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 6

they are composed of two sugar unites. An example would be maltose.

Question 7

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 7

They are composed of many sugar units. They are insoluble and aren’t sweet tasting. Examples include starch, cellulose and glycogen.

Question 8

What is the metabolic role of carbohydrates?

Answer 8

1. Glucose is made in photosynthesis

2. Glucose releases energy in respiration

Question 9

What is the structural role of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Cellulose is used to form plant cell walls.

Question 10

What is the test for carbohydrates?

Answer 10

reducing sugars = Benedict’s solution

starch = iodine

Question 11

What are lipids?

Answer 11

It is made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 12

What is the difference between fats and oils at room temperature?

Answer 12

Fats are solid while oils are liquid at room temperature {20’C}

Question 13

Structure of lipids?

Answer 13

Glycerol and three fatty acids = triglyceride

Question 14

Structural role of lipids?

Answer 14

1. store energy
2. insulate
3. form membranes

Question 15

Metabolic role of lipids?

Answer 15

Lipids can be broken down in respiration to release energy.

Question 16

What is phospholipids?

Answer 16

They are fat-like substances in which one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group.

Question 17

What test is it for lipids?

Answer 17

Brown paper

Question 18

Protein is made out of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, what is missing?

Answer 18

Nitrogen.

Question 19

What is the structure of protein and how many are there?

Answer 19

amino acids, 20

Question 20

What is a fibrous protein?

Answer 20

They form long fibres and are strong and tough.

Question 21

What’s an example of fibrous protein?

Answer 21

Keratin which is found in hair.

Question 22

What is globular protein?

Answer 22

They form rounded shapes.

Question 23

Give an example of globular protein.

Answer 23

Egg whites which is found in enzymes.

Question 24

Give two examples of sources of protein

Answer 24

Beans and eggs

Question 25

What is deamination?

Answer 25

It is when surplus amino acids are taken to the liver and converted to urea which is toxic waste product.

Question 26

What is the metabolic role of proteins?

Answer 26

1. Proteins are used as enzymes to control reactions 2. Proteins also form antibodies to fight infections 3. Some hormones are protein-based and are used to regulate body reactions.

Question 27

What is the test for proteins?

Answer 27

Sodium hydroxide and the biuret test.

Question 28

Name one water soluble vitamin and one fat soluble vitamin.

Answer 28

Vitamin C and vitamin D

Question 29

What are the sources of vitamin C?

Answer 29

Fresh fruit such as oranges.

Question 30

What is the metabolic role of vitamin C?

Answer 30

1. The growth and maintenance of bones and teeth. 2. Helping wounds to heal. 3. Helping immune system to function

Question 31

What is the deficiency of vitamin C?

Answer 31

Scurvy and the symptoms are poor healing of the skin.

Question 32

What are the sources of vitamin D?

Answer 32

Egg yolk

Question 33

What is the metabolic role of vitamin D?

Answer 33

Helps to absorb calcium from the intestine

Question 34

What is the deficiency of vitamin D?

Answer 34

Rickets and in adults osteomalacia. The symptoms are weak, deformed bones that break easily.

Question 35

What are the reasons of minerals?

Answer 35

1. To form biomolecules 2. To form rigid body structures 3. To make soft body parts such as muscle

Question 36

What is the source and use of a mineral in plants?

Answer 36

Magnesium, source = salts in the soil and the use is to help form chlorophyll

Question 37

what is the source and use of a named animal mineral?

Answer 37

Iron, source= meat and the use is to help form haemoglobin

Question 38

What is the reason for water?

Answer 38

1. It is the liquid which all metabolic reactions take place. 2. It provides the basis for transport systems in the organism 3. It is the environment in which many organisms live.

Question 39

What are the two metabolism reactions?

Answer 39

Anabolic reactions and catabolic reactions

Question 40

What is an anabolic reaction?

Answer 40

It is energy that is taken in and used to convert small molecules to larger ones, for example, photosynthesis

Question 41

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 41

It is larger molecules that are then broken down to smaller ones and energy is released, for example, respiration.

Question 42

What is the difference between triglyceride and phospholipid?

Answer 42

Triglyceride has one glycerol and three fatty acids, while phospholipid has one glycerol, two fatty acids and phosphate.

Question 43

What are the three trace elements?

Answer 43

iron, copper and zinc