Cell Division Flashcards
What is cell continuity?
It means that all cells develop from pre-existing cells.
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are coiled threads of DNA, which forms genes, and protein that become visible in the nucleus at cell division.
What is a gene?
A gene is a section of DNA that controls the formation of a protein.
What is the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell?
A haploid cell has one set of chromosomes while a diploid has two sets of chromosomes.
What is a homologous pair?
A homologous pair is two chromosomes of similar size with the same sequence of genes.
What is a cell cycle?
A cell cycle is the changes that occur in a cell between one cell division and the next.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is a form of nuclear division in which one nucleus divides to form two nuclei, each containing the same number of chromosomes with identical genes.
What is the function of mitosis?
- It allows single celled organisms to reproduce
2. In multicellular organisms it allows for growth and repair.
What is a tumour?
A tumour results when one or more cells lose the ability to control the rate of mitosis.
What is cancer?
Cancer occurs when cells lose the ability to control the rate and the number of times mitosis takes place.
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a form of nuclear division in which the four daughter nuclei contain half of the chromosome number of the parent nucleus.
What is a gamete?
A gamete is a haploid cell that are able to fuse with another gamete of the opposite sex.
What are the functions of meiosis?
- It allows for sexual reproduction, involving gametes, while still maintaining the parental chromosome number.
- It allows for new combinations of genes to be formed, which will give rise to variations among organisms.
What happens with cell division in animals cell and plant cells?
In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms and deepens to produce two new cells.
In plant cells, vesicles gather to form a cell plate, which forms new cell walls.
