FoN Exam 3 Flashcards
What are the four basic types of bones?
Short, long, flat, and irregular bones
A dense, hard type of connective tissue. These bones are made up of compact and spongy bone.
What is the function of bursae?
Provide a cushion at friction points in freely movable joints
Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs.
What are the functions of skeletal muscles?
Movement, stabilization of joints, production of body heat, maintenance of posture
Skeletal muscles are striated and made of bundles of muscle fibers.
What connects a muscle to a bone?
Tendons
Tendons are cords of fibrous connective tissue.
What do ligaments connect?
Bones or cartilage
Ligaments provide support and strength.
What is cartilage?
A fibrous connective tissue that acts as a cushion
Cartilage is important for joint function.
What condition may result from the loss of bone density in older adults?
Osteoporosis
change d/t aging
This is more common in women of Asian or Caucasian descent.
What is sarcopenia?
Loss of muscle cells replaced by fat
change d/t aging
This leads to a loss of muscle strength and endurance.
How does aging affect muscle fiber elasticity?
Muscle fiber elasticity is decreased or lost
change d/t aging
This results in decreased flexibility.
What is the primary importance of proper body mechanics?
To prevent injuries
Lower back strain is a common injury for healthcare workers.
What is one principle of safe body movement?
Bend or flex the knees
This helps in proper lifting techniques.
What should you do to maintain a wide base of support?
Keep feet about shoulder-width apart
This provides stability during movements.
What are the two basic principles for maintaining a patient’s correct body alignment?
Maintain correct anatomic position and change position frequently
This helps prevent complications associated with immobility.
What is the purpose of changing a patient’s position?
1) provides comfort
2) relieves pressure
3) prevents contractures, deformities, and respiratory problems
4) improves circulation
Changing positions is essential for patient care.
Name a device used for patient positioning.
Pillows, boots or splints, positioning wedges, footboards, trapeze bar, sandbags, hand rolls, trochanter rolls, side rails, bed boards
These devices help maintain proper alignment and support.
What is the first step in transferring a patient from a wheelchair to a bed?
Assess patient’s size, ability to assist, and ability to follow instructions
This provides baseline data for a safe transfer.
What is the Fowler position?
Big book: 60-90 degrees
ATI: 45-60 degrees
What is the dorsal recumbent position?
Patients are on their back with knees flexed and soles of the feet flat on the bed
This position is used for various procedures and examinations.
What are the three most common factors that predispose a person to falls?
Impaired physical mobility, altered mental status, sensory and/or motor deficits
These factors necessitate regular assessment for fall risk.
What is the recommended room temperature for patients?
Between 68° and 74°F
Infants and older adults require warmer environments.
What is the ideal humidity level in patient environments?
30% to 50%
This range is comfortable and prevents drying of respiratory passages.
How can noise be managed in a hospital setting?
Avoid long conversations in hallways, speak in lowered voices, answer alarms promptly
This helps reduce sensory overload for patients.
What is essential for patient privacy?
Neatness and control of the environment
A homelike environment promotes comfort.
What is the primary goal of providing a homelike environment for the patient?
To promote comfort
A homelike environment can enhance the well-being of patients.
What are the three common factors that predispose a person to falls?
- Impaired physical mobility
- Altered mental status
- Sensory and/or motor deficits
These factors necessitate periodic assessment of patients and their environments for fall risks.
What should be included in the assessment for fall risk?
An evaluation of the patient’s medications
Certain medications are correlated with an increased risk for falls.
What is a key method for preventing thermal injuries?
Use a barrier between the patient’s skin and the thermal application
This is crucial for protecting patients with conditions like diabetes or impaired circulation.
What is bioterrorism?
The release of pathogenic microorganisms into a community to achieve political and/or military goals
What is chemical terrorism?
Use of certain compounds to cause destruction to achieve political and/or military goals
What are some examples of agents used in bioterrorism?
- Pulmonary agents
- Cyanide agents
- Nerve agents
- Vesicants
- Incapacitating agents
These agents can cause significant harm and require specific safety measures.
What is a protective device?
A device used only after all alternative methods have been tried
Each type of protective device serves a specific purpose.
What is the purpose of a security or safety belt?
To secure a patient who is at high risk for falls or to secure a patient to a stretcher
When providing enteral feeding, what should the head of the bed (HOB) be positioned at?
30-45 degrees to prevent aspiration
What are the three different leadership styles discussed?
- Laissez-faire leader
- Autocratic leader
- Democratic leader
Bureaucratic and situational leadership styles are also mentioned.
What are the 5 Rights of Delegation?
- Right task
- Right circumstance
- Right person
- Right direction/communication
- Right supervision/evaluation
These rights ensure safe and effective delegation in healthcare.
What should be considered when delegating tasks to UAPs?
- Know the capabilities and competencies of the person
- Ensure the task is legally delegable
- Communicate effectively
- Understand the patient’s needs
Competencies must be documented before tasks are delegated.
What tasks can be delegated to UAPs?
- Applying a condom catheter
- Applying a hearing aid
- Assisting with ambulation
- Feeding patients
- Measuring vital signs
A comprehensive list of tasks UAPs can perform includes assisting with personal care and monitoring.
What are the skills and functions of a team leader?
- Coordinates and makes assignments
- Assists with patient care
- Helps resolve conflicts
- Contributes to policy writing
- Collaborates with health team members
The team leader plays a crucial role in effective healthcare delivery.
What are the management functions of the charge nurse?
- Receives report from the previous shift
- Makes patient assignments
- Directs medication administration
- Confers with team members
- Oversees training of UAPs
The charge nurse has significant responsibilities in patient care and team coordination.
What is the importance of readback for verbal or telephone orders?
- Verifies the order as entered
- Confirms spelling of medications
- Documents the date, time, and provider’s name
Ensures accuracy and accountability in communication.
True or False: UAPs are allowed to perform assessment, planning, or evaluation.
False
These tasks can only be performed by licensed personnel.
What is High Fowler’s position (per ATI)?
60-90 degrees
What is Low Folwer’s position (per Big Book)?
15-30 degrees
What is Semi-Fowler’s position?
Big Book: 30-60 degrees
ATI: 15-45 degrees
The ____ position is used for examining the pelvic organs.
dorsal lithotomy
The ____ position is achieved by having patients rest on their side. It alleviates pressure from bony prominences on the back.
side-lying or lateral
The major portion of the patients’ weight is on the dependent shoulder and hip. Maintain the vertebral column in proper alignment as if they were standing.
The ____ position removes pressure from the dependent shoulder and hip and is easier for patients to maintain.
oblique side-lying
____ position is a variation of the side-lying position. It is used for rectal examinations, administering enemas, and inserting suppositories or for an unconscious patient.
Modified left lateral recumbent
The distribution of weight is different from in the side-lying position because in the modified left lateral recumbent position, the weight is distributed over the anterior ileum, humerus, and clavicle. When positioning on the left side, place the patient’s left arm behind them, and draw their right knee and thigh up above the left lower leg. Tilt the chest and abdomen forward so that the patient is resting on them as well.
The ____ position is a variation of the prone position. The patient is face down on the bed with the head turned to one side.
knee-chest
The best position for LP of a toddler.
The chest, elbows, and knees rest on the bed, and the thighs are perpendicular to the bed. The lower legs rest flat on the bed. This is used for rectal examinations and as a method to restore the uterus to a normal position.
Things that can NOT be delegated include:
Do not delegate assessment, planning, or evaluation as these can only be performed by licensed personnel. Also, UAP’s are not allowed to perform teaching, apply medication patches, modification of care plans, or interventions requiring judgment.
