A&P MT Lesson 4 Flashcards
What is the meaning of the combining form ‘aden/o’?
gland
Example: Adenoid
What does ‘amni/o’ refer to?
amnion
Example: Amniotic fluid
Define the combining form ‘angi/o’.
vessel
Example: Angiogram
What does ‘arteri/o’ represent?
artery
Example: Arterial
What is the meaning of ‘arthr/o’?
joint
Example: Arthritis
What does ‘ather/o’ signify?
plaque
Example: Atherogenesis
What does ‘axill/o’ refer to?
armpit
Example: Axillary
Define ‘bronch/o’.
bronchial tube
Example: Bronchial
What does ‘carcin/o’ mean?
cancerous
Example: Carcinoma
What does the combining form ‘cardio’ refer to?
heart
Example: Cardiomegaly
Define ‘chem/o’.
drugs
Example: Chemophylaxis
What is the meaning of ‘chondr/o’?
cartilage
Example: Cystic
What does ‘cholecyst/o’ signify?
gallbladder
Example: Cholecystectomy
What does ‘chron/o’ refer to?
time
Example: Chronologic
Define ‘col/o’.
colon
Example: Colitis
What does ‘cyst/o’ mean?
urinary bladder
Example: Cystitis
What does ‘encephal/o’ refer to?
brain
Example: Encephalography
What is the meaning of ‘inguin/o’?
loin, thigh
Example: Inguinal
Define ‘isch/o’.
ischium
Example: Ischial
What does ‘lapar/o’ signify?
abdominal wall
Example: Laparotomy
What does ‘laryng/o’ refer to?
larynx
Example: Laryngitis
What is the meaning of ‘mamm/o’?
breast, milk gland
Example: Mammary
Define ‘mast/o’.
breast
Example: Mastectomy
What does ‘my/o’ signify?
muscle
Example: Myocardium
What does ‘myel/o’ refer to?
bone marrow, spinal cord
Example: Myeloma
What is the meaning of ‘necr/o’?
death
Example: Necrosis
Define ‘nephr/o’.
kidney
Example: Nephritis
What does ‘neur/o’ mean?
nerve
Example: Neuropathy
What is the meaning of ‘ophthalm/o’?
eye
Example: Ophthalmology
Define ‘oste/o’.
bone
Example: Osteoporosis
What does ‘ot/o’ refer to?
ear
Example: Otitis
What does ‘peritone/o’ signify?
peritoneum
Example: Peritoneal
What is the meaning of ‘phleb/o’?
vein
Example: Phlebotomy
Define ‘pneumon/o’.
lung
Example: Pneumonia
What does ‘pulmon/o’ refer to?
lung
Example: Pulmonologist
What is the meaning of ‘ren/o’?
kidney
Example: Renal
Define ‘sarc/o’.
flesh, muscle
Example: Sarcoma
What does ‘thorac/o’ signify?
chest
Example: Thoracentesis
What is a total hysterectomy?
Removal of the entire uterus (fundus, corpus, and cervix)
Ovaries and fallopian tubes remain
Define a partial or subtotal hysterectomy.
Only a portion of the uterus is removed
What is a laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy?
Uterus removed through an incision in the vagina with laparoscope assistance
Known as ‘keyhole surgery’
What is a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy?
Removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
Define a radical hysterectomy.
Removal of the entire uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, lymph nodes, and the top half of the vagina
What is atherosclerosis?
Hardening of the arteries due to deposits of yellow plaque containing cholesterol and lipids
What can atherosclerosis lead to?
Decreased blood flow (ischemia) or death (necrosis) of myocardial tissue
Area of dead myocardial tissue is known as an infarction
What are the two groups of suffixes?
Diagnostic and Procedural
What are diagnostic suffixes?
Suffixes that describe disease conditions or their symptoms
What are procedural suffixes?
Suffixes that describe procedures used in patient care
What does the suffix ‘-algia’ mean?
pain
Example: Fibromyalgia
Define the suffix ‘-emia’.
blood condition
Example: Hyperglycemia
What does ‘-ia’ signify?
condition
Example: Pneumonia
What does the suffix ‘-itis’ mean?
inflammation
Example: Arthritis
What does ‘-megaly’ signify?
enlargement
Example: Splenomegaly
What is the meaning of ‘-oma’?
tumor, mass
Example: Sarcoma
Define ‘-osis’.
condition, process
Example: Exocytosis
What does ‘-pathy’ mean?
disease condition
Example: Retinopathy
What does ‘-rrhea’ signify?
flow, discharge
Example: Rhinorrhea
Define ‘-rrhage’.
excessive discharge, bursting
Example: Hemorrhage
What is the meaning of ‘-sclerosis’?
hardening
Example: Arteriosclerosis
What does ‘-uria’ refer to?
condition of urine
Example: Proteinuria
What do the suffixes ‘-ar’, ‘-ary’, and ‘-ic’ mean?
pertaining to
What is the basic rule for building a medical term?
Use a combining vowel to connect the root to the suffix
What happens to the combining vowel if the suffix begins with a vowel?
Drop the combining vowel
Break down the term ‘Otalgia’.
ear pain
What does ‘Leukemia’ refer to?
increase in malignant white blood cells in blood and bone marrow
Define ‘Pneumonia’.
abnormal condition of the lungs marked by inflammation and collection of material within the air sacs
What does ‘Hepatomegaly’ signify?
enlargement of the liver
What does the suffix ‘-centesis’ mean?
surgical puncture to remove fluid
Example: Paracentesis
Define ‘-ectomy’.
removal, resection
Example: Nephrectomy
What does ‘-gram’ signify?
record
Example: Angiogram
What does ‘-graphy’ refer to?
process of recording
Example: Encephalography
What is the meaning of ‘-lysis’?
separation, destruction, breakdown
Example: Analysis
Define ‘-plasty’.
surgical repair
Example: Rhinoplasty
What does ‘-scopy’ mean?
process of visual examination
Example: Endoscopy
What does ‘-stomy’ signify?
opening
Example: Gastrostomy
Define ‘-tomy’.
incision into
Example: Thoracotomy
What is ‘Gastrostomy’?
An artificial opening made into the stomach through the skin for tube feeding
What is ‘Abdominal Paracentesis’?
A needle is inserted into the abdomen filled with fluid to drain excess fluid
Define ‘Thoracentesis’.
Surgical puncture of the chest to remove fluid
What does ‘Tonsillectomy’ mean?
Removal of a tonsil or tonsils
What is a ‘Myelogram’?
X-ray image of the spinal cord after contrast is injected
What is ‘Angiography’?
X-ray recording of blood vessels after contrast is injected
Define ‘Acute’.
Sharp, sudden, and intense for a short period of time
What is ‘Adenocarcinoma’?
Cancerous tumor derived from glandular cells
What does ‘Bronchoscopy’ mean?
Visual examination of bronchial tubes using an endoscope
What is ‘Cardiomyopathy’?
Disease of heart muscle
Define ‘Erythrocytosis’.
Abnormal condition of red blood cells
What does ‘Hematuria’ refer to?
Abnormal condition of blood in the urine
What is ‘Ischemia’?
Deficiency of blood flow caused by narrowing or obstruction of blood vessels
Define ‘Laparascopy’.
Visual examination of the abdomen
What does ‘Mammoplasty’ mean?
Surgical repair of the breast
What does ‘Otalgia’ refer to?
Pain in an ear
What is ‘Phlebotomy’?
Incision of a vein
Define ‘Rhinoplasty’.
Surgical repair of the nose
What does ‘Rhinorrhea’ mean?
Discharge from the nose
What is ‘Salpingectomy’?
Removal of a fallopian tube
What does ‘Septicemia’ refer to?
Infection in the blood
Define ‘Hyperuremia’.
Abnormal condition of excessive amounts of urea in the bloodstream
What does ‘Vascular’ mean?
Pertaining to blood vessels
