FOI SU2: Barriers to Learning

Question 1

The factor which contributes most to a learner’s failure to remain receptive to new experiences and which creates a tendency to reject additional training is:
a. basic needs
b. element of threat
c. negative self-concept

Answer 1

negative self-concept

Question 2

what is an outcome of a learner showing a favorable self-concept?
a. a more receptive attitude to experiences
b. failure to remain open to new learning experiences
c. a positive attitude on the part of the flight instructor

Answer 2

a more receptive attitude to experiences

Question 3

an instructor may foster the development of insights by:
a. helping the learner acquire and maintain a favorable self-concept
b. pointing out the attractive features of the activity to be learned
c. keeping the rate of learning consistent so that it is predictable

Answer 3

helping the learner acquire and maintain a favorable self-concept

Question 4

which term denotes a favorable view of self?
a. insecure
b. unassured
c. confident

Answer 4

confident

Question 5

defense mechanisms
a. are subject to the learner’s normal behavioral processes
b. are related to the conscious domain
c. involve some degree of self-deception and distortion of reality

Answer 5

involve some degree of self-deception and distortion of reality

Question 6

although defense mechanisms can serve a useful purpose, they can?
a. provide feelings of adequacy
b. alleviate the cause of problems
c. involve some degree of self-deception and distortion of reality

Answer 6

involve some degree of self-deception and distortion of reality

Question 7

if an instructor has a learner with a hidden fear of flying that inhibits learning, the learner is most likely displaying which defense mechanism?
a. reaction formation
b. repression
c. projection

Answer 7

repression

Question 8

when a learner uses excuses to justify inadequate performance, it is an indication of the defense mechanism known as?
a. fantasy
b. displacement
c. rationalization

Answer 8

rationalization

Question 9

fantasy is a defense mechanism learners use when they?
a. want to escape from frustrating situations
b. cannot accept the real reason for their behavior
c. place blame on someone or something other than themselves

Answer 9

want to escape from frustrating situations

Question 10

learners may display the defense mechanism called denial, which is revealed by the learner’s?
a. hostile
b. attempts to minimize the situation
c. attempts at rationalization

Answer 10

attempts to minimize the situation

Question 11

When learners subconsciously use the defense mechanism called rationalization, they?
a. use excuses to justify acceptable behavior
b. cannot accept the real reasons for their behavior
c. fake a belied opposite to their true belief because the true belief causes anxiety

Answer 11

cannot accept the real reasons for their behavior

Question 12

when a learner engages in daydreaming, it is the defense mechanism of
a. compensation
b. fantasy
c. denial

Answer 12

fantasy

Question 13

when learners display the defense mechanism called repression, they
a. refuse to accept reality
b. place uncomfortable thoughts into inaccessible areas of the unconscious mind
c. attempt to justify actions by asking numerous questions

Answer 13

place uncomfortable thoughts into inaccessible areas of the unconscious mind

Question 14

when a learner presents a belief opposite to what they truly believe, it usually is an indication of the dense mechanism known as?
a. fantasy
b. reaction formation
c. displacement

Answer 14

reaction formation

Question 15

when a learner attempts to disguise the presence of a weak or undesirable quality by emphasizing a more positive one, the defense mechanism is usually in the form of?
a. projection
b. compensation
c. rationalization

Answer 15

compensation

Question 16

a learner pilot who fails a practical test and attributes the failure to an “unfair” evaluation by the examiner may be demonstrating a defense mechanism known as?
a. rationalization
b. projection
c. denial

Answer 16

projection

Question 17

when under stress, normal individuals usually react
a. by showing excellent morale following by deep depression
b. by responding rapidly and exactly, often automatically, within the limits of their experience and training
c. inappropriately such as extreme over cooperation, painstaking self-control, and impropriating laughing or singing

Answer 17

by responding rapidly and exactly, often automatically, within the limits of their experience and training

Question 18

a learner reacting abnormally to stress is most likely to display which of the following interactions?
a. the learner using automatic responses
b. the learner has a rapid and exacting response
c. the learner is using inadequate, illogical, random responses or no response at all

Answer 18

the learner is using inadequate, illogical, random responses or no response at all

Question 19

which would most likely by an indication that a learner is reacting abnormally to stress?
a. slow learning
b. inappropriate laughter or singing
c. automatic response to a given situation

Answer 19

inappropriate laughter or singing

Question 20

one possible indication of a learner’s abnormal reaction to stress would be?
a. a hesitancy to act
b. extreme over cooperation
c. a noticeable lack of self-control

Answer 20

extreme over cooperation

Question 21

the instructor can counteract anxiety in a learner by ?
a. training the learners fears as a normal reaction
b. discontinuing instruction in tasks that causes anxiety
c. allowing the learner to decide when they are ready for a new maneuver to be introduces

Answer 21

training the learners fears as a normal reaction

Question 22

which of the following is required to recover from chronic fatigue?
a. mitigating the underlying physiological and psychological causes
b. a break in instruction and practice
c. proper rest and time to “clear your thoughts”

Answer 22

mitigating the underlying physiological and psychological causes

Question 23

the principle reason why fatigue is one of the most treacherous hazards to flight safety is that?
a. fatigue can overtake even a physically robust person
b. it is usually impossible for a CFI to detect learner fatigue early in a lesson
c. it may not be apparent to a pilot until serious errors are made

Answer 23

it may not be apparent to a pilot until serious errors are made

Question 24

chronic fatigue
a. occurs when there is not enough time for a full recovery from repeated episodes of acute fatigue
b. is the tiredness felt after long periods of physical and mental strain and lack of sleep
c. impairs personal performance and ability but not pilot judgment

Answer 24

occurs when there is not enough time for a full recovery from repeated episodes of acute fatigue

Question 25

chronic fatigue may best be described as? a. combination of both physiological problems and psychological issues b. cluster of specific symptoms such as errors in timing and neglect of secondary tasks c. result of over-application of a learning task

Answer 25

combination of both physiological problems and psychological issues

Question 26

chronic fatigue as a result of physiological problems and/or psychological issues may be evident by a learner pilot's apparent a. increase in knowledge and skill retention b. need for sleep c. acceptance of unwarranted risks

Answer 26

acceptance of unwarranted risks

Question 27

acute fatigue symptoms may include: a. error accumulation, inattention and distractibility b. dizziness, weakness, nausea, tingling of hands and feet, abdominal cramps and extreme thirst c. unwarranted risk taking

Answer 27

error accumulation, inattention and distractibility

Question 28

a sign that a learner may be experiencing acute fatigue is? a. acceptable of unwarranted risks b. neglect of secondary tasks c. increased attention to detail

Answer 28

neglect of secondary tasks

Question 29

acute fatigue is? a. a function of physical robustness or mental acuity b. a combination of both physiological problems and psychological issues c. operable by performance deficiencies that are apparent to others before the individual notices any physical signs of fatigue

Answer 29

operable by performance deficiencies that are apparent to others before the individual notices any physical signs of fatigue

Question 30

which of the following is a sign of acute fatigue? a. error accumulation b. nausea c. acuteness of vision

Answer 30

error accumulation

Question 31

acute fatigue may be evident by a learner's apparent? a. desire to take unwarranted risk b. dizziness, weakness, and nausea c. error in timing

Answer 31

error in timing

Question 32

which would most likely be an indication that a learner is reacting normally to stress? a. slow learning b. inappropriate laugher or singing c. automatic response to a given situation

Answer 32

automatic response to a given situation

Question 33

learners who grow impatient when learning the basic elements of a task are those who? a. are less easily discouraged than the unaggressive learners b. should have the preliminary training presented one step at a time with clearly stated goals for each step c. should be advanced to the next higher level of learning and not held back by insisting that the immediate goal be reached before they proceed to the next level

Answer 33

should have the preliminary training presented one step at a time with clearly stated goals for each step

Question 34

which obstacle to learning is a greater deterrent of learning pilot skills than is generally recognized? a. anxiety b. impatience c. physical discomfort

Answer 34

impatience

Question 35

should an instructor be concerned about an apt learner who makes very few mistakes? a. no. some learners have an innate, natural aptitude for flight b. yes. the learner may assume that the correction of errors in unimportant c. yes. the learner will lose confidence in the indictor if the instructor does not invent deficiencies in the learners performance

Answer 35

yes. the learner may assume that the correction of errors in unimportant

Question 36

what should an instructor do with a learner who assumes that correction of errors is not important? a. divide complex flight maneuvers into elements b. try to reduce the learner's overconfidence to reduce the chance of an accident c. raise the standard of performance for each lesson, demanding greater effort

Answer 36

raise the standard of performance for each lesson, demanding greater effort

Question 37

the overconfidence of fast learners should be corrected by? a. high praise when no errors are made b. raising the standard of performance for each lesson c. providing strong, negative evaluation at the end of each lesson

Answer 37

raising the standard of performance for each lesson

Question 38

faulty performance due to learner overconfidence should be corrected by? a. increasing the standard of performance for each lesson b. praising the learner only when the performance is perfect c. providing strong, negative evaluation at the end of each lesson

Answer 38

increasing the standard of performance for each lesson

Question 39

a method for correcting learning impatience is for the instructor to? a. present the necessary preliminary training one step at time, with clearly stated goals for each step b. key the instruction to utilize the interests and enthusiasm learners bring with them c. avoid assigning impossible or unreasonable goals for the learner to accomplish

Answer 39

present the necessary preliminary training one step at time, with clearly stated goals for each step

Question 40

what is an example of a learner showing impatience? a. a learner not waiting to fly without an instructor on board b. a learner desiring to conduct a cross-country flight before the basic elements of flight have been learned c. a learner wishing to solo an aircraft

Answer 40

a learner desiring to conduct a cross-country flight before the basic elements of flight have been learned