focus chapter 1 (intro to biochem)

Question 1

biomolecule

Answer 1

any molecule that is present in living organisms
• proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, primary metabolites, secondary metabolites

organic compounds created from four elements
• oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
• SPONCH

Question 2

macromolecule

Answer 2

-large molecule, such as protein, commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits (monomers)
-composed of thousands of atoms or more

Question 3

four class of biomolecules

Answer 3

protein, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids

Question 4

protein functional roles

Answer 4

signal molecules, receptors for signal molecules, structural components and enzymes

Question 5

nucleic acid functional roles

Answer 5

maintenance and expression of genetic material

Question 6

lipid functional roles

Answer 6

fuel molecules and signal molecules, barriers (membrane) that allow compartmentalization

Question 7

carbohydrate functional roles

Answer 7

important fuel source, signal molecules (notably in cell-cell recognition)

Question 8

types of nucleic acids

Answer 8

DNA and RNA

Question 9

protein chemical structure

Answer 9

amino acids linked by peptide bond

Question 10

nucleic acid chemical structure

Answer 10

nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bond

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

double helix of nucleotide polymers (A,T,G, and C)

Question 12

RNA

Answer 12

single stranded polymer (most of the time A, U, G, and C)

Question 13

lipid chemical structure

Answer 13

• hydrophilic- can dissolve in water (environment)
• hydrophobic- cannot dissolve in water

Question 14

carbohydrate chemical structure

Answer 14

glucose is the major building block, and the structure is linear or a branched chain

Question 15

low atomic weight= (stronger or weaker) covalent bonds?

Answer 15

stronger

Question 16

Weak chemical bond

Answer 16

Easily broken for rearrangement covalent bonds

Question 17

Strong chemical bonds

Answer 17

Unbreakable, with no possible rearrangements

Question 18

Inorganic precursors

Answer 18

Water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen, nitrate

Question 19

metabolites

Answer 19

pyruvate, citrate, G3P

Question 20

building blocks

Answer 20

amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides, fatty acids

Question 21

macromolecules

Answer 21

proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids

Question 22

supramolecular complexes

Answer 22

ribosomes, cytoskeleton, multienzyme complexes

Question 23

organelles

Answer 23

mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, nucleus, vacuole