amino acids info

Question 1

what is the glue that holds amino acids together

Answer 1

alpha carbon

Question 2

alpha carbon is bonded to four groups…

Answer 2

amino group (-NH2), carboxyl group (-cooh), a hydrogen atom, and a unique side chan (-r)

Question 3

all amino acids are chiral except for

Answer 3

glycine

Question 4

human body only uses what kind of amino acids (L or D)

Answer 4

L-amino acids

Question 5

L-amino acids

Answer 5

point to the lect in a fischer projection

Question 6

the amino group is a base that is

Answer 6

typically protonated in the environment of the cell (NH^+)

Question 7

the carboxylic acid functional group is typically

Answer 7

deprotonated in the aqueous environment of the cell, giving it a negative charge (COO-)

Question 8

ions whose charges cancel out, producing a molecule with net neutral charge

Answer 8

zwitterions

Question 9

amino acids whose R-groups contain non-aromatic hydrocarbon chains

Answer 9

non-polar alipathic

Question 10

amino acids whose R-groups contain aromatic rings, except for histidine

Answer 10

non-polar aromatic

Question 11

amino acids that can be either charged or uncharged

Answer 11

polar amino acids

Question 12

amino acids with acidic residues (aspartic and glutamic acid) have an additional BLANK charge (aside from the one at their C-terminus) at physiological ph

Answer 12

negative

Question 13

amino acids with basic residues (lysine and arginine) have an additional BLANK charge (aside from the one at their N-terminus) at physiological ph

Answer 13

positive

Question 14

what amino acid is neutral at physiological ph

Answer 14

histidine

Question 15

if glycine or proline are added into a protein, they will often

Answer 15

destabilize (break down) local alpha-helical secondary structure

Question 16

what amino acids are targets of phosphorylation

Answer 16

serine, threonine, and tyrosine

Question 17

addition of a negatively charged phosphate to a molecule, which often changes the structure or function of that molecule

Answer 17

phosphorylation

Question 18

what amino acids can mimic the presence of a phosphate group

Answer 18

aspartic acid and glutamic acid

Question 19

cysteine is sometimes able to produce covalent BLANK bonds with other cysteine residues, holding together the subunits of a polypeptide

Answer 19

disulfide

Question 20

basic and acidic residues can interact to form BLANK due to other attractive positive and negative charges

Answer 20

salt bridges

Question 21

a covalent BLANK bond can form between the sulfur-containing R groups of two cysteine molecules

Answer 21

disulfide bond

Question 22

disulfide bonds form between cysteine residues under BLANK conditions

Answer 22

oxidizing (high ph)

Question 23

disulfide bonds can be broken under BLANK conditions

Answer 23

reducing (low ph)

Question 24

a molecule composed of two or more amino acids

Answer 24

peptide

Question 25

the bond connecting together the two amino acids

Answer 25

peptide bond

Question 26

when an amino group of one amino acid nucleophilically attacks the carboxyl group carbon of another amino acid. linking the two molecules together and releasing a water molecule, what happens

Answer 26

a peptide bond forms

Question 27

when a peptide bond is formed, the amino and carboxyl group have been transformed into an

Answer 27

amide

Question 28

peptide bond formation(condensation) is endergonic or exergonic?

Answer 28

endergonic (needs energy)

Question 29

peptide bond can only be broken by BLANK

Answer 29

hydrolysis

Question 30

peptide bonds are cleaved with the addition of a water molecule

Answer 30

hydrolysis

Question 31

peptide bond breaking (hydrolysis) is endergonic or exergonic

Answer 31

exergonic (releases energy)