FMST 204 Circulation Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
A state of physiological equilibrium.
What is isotonic?
Solution the triggers the least amount of water movement
What is hypertonic?
Draws water from surrounding cells and tissue back into the vascular system.
What is hypotonic?
Causes water to leave the vascular system and into the cells and tissues
What are electrolytes?
An element when dissolved in a solvent, disassociated into ions and is able to carry electrical currents.
What are crystalloids?
IV solution containing mostly of sodium chloride and other electrolytes; volume expander
What are colloids?
IV solutions containing large molecules such as proteins; includes hypertonic volume expanders.
What are the six IV solutions?
Whole Blood, Crystalloids, Colloids, Hextend, Water and Glucose solutions and TXA.
What is shock?
The inadequate perfusion of tissue.
What are the four major categories of shock?
- Hypovolemic
- Distributive
- Obstructive
- Cardiogenic
What is the most common shock in the battlefield?
hemorrhagic shock.
How do you determine if your patient is in shock?
Mental status, quality of pulse, and heart rate.
What is compensated shock?
It’s when your body increases the heart rate and respirations to make up for the decrease circulating blood volume?
What is decompensated shock?
Body is no longer able to compensate for blood lost and will deteriorate.
How much blood is lost and what is their heart rate in a class 1 hemorrhagic shock?
Less than 750ml (less than 15%) and normal to slightly increased heart rate.
How much blood is lost and what is their heart rate in a class 2 hemorrhagic shock?
750-1500ml (15%-30%) and heart rate is over 100
How much blood is lost and what is their heart rate in a class 3 hemorrhagic shock?
1500ml-2000ml (30%-40%) and heart rate is above 120.
How much blood is lost and what is their heart rate in a class 4 hemorrhagic shock?
Over 2000ml (greater than 40%) and heart rate is over 140
What is class one shock?
Body is still able to compensate in order to maintain homeostasis.
What is class two shock?
Circulation blood volume is reduced, sympathetic nervous system is able to maintain blood pressure and tissue perfusion.
What is class three shock?
Body compensatory system can no longer maintain perfusion.
What is class four shock?
Severe stage of shock, patient has a few minutes to live. Survival depends on immediate control of hemorrhage.
What is hypoxia?
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues.
What is the normal pulsox for a healthy adult?
95-100%
What spO2 value is considered hypoxia?
Anything less than 95%
When should you apply a tourniquet conversion?
If CAS/MEDEVAC time is less than two hours and the leg is not amputated.
What are the four areas you can access an IO
Sternal Head, Humeral Head, Proximal Tibia and Distal Tibia.
What are some of the potential complications for IVs?
Infiltration, Phlebitis, Nerve Damage, Circulatory Overload, Air Embolism, and Systemic Infection.
What are some of the potential complications of an IO?
Trauma/Fracture, Past 48 hours, Prosthesis, Infection, and inability to locate landmark, and osteoporosis.
