FMST 203 Respitory Flashcards
What is the thorax (chest cavity)?
A bony cage formed by the sternum, costal cartilages, ribs and thoracic vertebrae.
What is the diaphragm?
Primary muscle of respirations.
What are the intercostal muscles?
External: Aids In quiet and forced inhalation.
Internal: Aids in forced expirations.
What is the pleura?
A thin membrane.
What is the parietal pleura?
A thin membrane that lines the inner side of the thoracic cavity
What is the visceral pleura?
A thin membrane that lines the outer surface of the lungs.
How’s many lobes does the left and right lung have?
Left is two lobe, right is three.
What are alveoli?
Small saclike structures that exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen.
What is the mediastinum?
The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity where organs and structures of the chest cavity lie.
What is wheezing?
Whistling sounds, caused by movement of air in a narrow airway.
What is stridor?
A harsh shrill sound.
What is apnea?
Total cessation of breathing, or respiratory arrest.
What is dyspnea?
Difficult or labored breathing
What is bradypnea?
Slow rate of respirations less than 8.
What is tachypnea?
Abnormal rapid breathing.
What is hypoxia?
Insufficient amount of oxygen.
What is subcutaneous emphysema?
The presence of free air or gas in the the subcutaneous tissue. “Rice Krispies”
What is hyperventilations?
An increase in the rate and depth of normal respirations.
What is hypoventilations?
Loss of ventilatory drive from decreased neurological functions most often after a TBI.
What is penetrating trauma?
Forced distributed over a small area. Often organs are injured.
What is blunt trauma?
Caused by forces distributed over a large area.
What is a rib fracture?
When pressure applied exceeds the strength of the ribs.
How would you treat rib fractures?
Anticipate potential complications,
If multiple rib fractures, immobilize it. Encourage coughing and deep breaths and monitor.
What is a flail chest and how do you treat it?
Blunt trauma to the chest wall. Immobilize flail segment, if respiratory failure give positive pressure ventilation, administer analgesics and oxygen if available. TACEVAC
What is pneumothorax and how would you treat it?
Caused by the presence of sir in the pleural space. Placed in supine position, use BVM if hypoxia do present, and monitor for tension pneumothorax. TACEVAC.
What is tension pneumothorax?
Air enters the pleural space and cannot escape by the route of entry.
What are the early signs of tension pneumothorax?
Unilateral
Decreased or absent breath sounds
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
What are the late signs?
JVD, Tracheal Deviation, signs of a cute hypoxia, narrow pulse pressure, signs of uncompensated shock.
What are the treatments for tension pneumothorax?
Needle D, pain management. TACEVAC.
What is hemothorax?
The accumulation of blood in the pleural space.
How would you treat hemothorax?
Supine position, treat chest injuries, pain and shock. Administer O2 and TACEVAC.
What is open pneumothorax?
When air or gas in the pleural space causes the lung to collapse because of an open wound allows air to enter.
How would you treat an open pneumothorax?
Chest seal, assess and monitor for signs of tension pneumothorax. Pain management and TACEVAC
What are some of the complications of a needle d?
Hemothorax, cardiac tamponade, subcutaneous emphysema, and misdiagnosis.
