FMS Week 9 Flashcards
Immunology II
Describe the hypersensitivity associated with post-strep glomerulonephritis?
Generalized type III (serum sickness)
What leukocytes are associated with artheroclerosis?
macrophages
What are some of the issue with anti-tumor T-cells?
pretty well regulated by T-regs; also tumor evolution
Describe the hypersensitivity associated with myasthenia gravis:
type II; antibodies against acetylcholine receptors
What is the role of serotonin in type I hypersensitivity?
causes vasodilation (preformed in mast cells)
What are stable tissues?
normally inactive “queiescent” cells; replicate minimally, but can regenerate in response to injury
What leukocytes are associated with arthritis?
lymphocytes and macrophages
describe the role of PDGF in wound healing:
platelet-derived growth factor; comes from platelets, macrophages, and endothelial cells
stimulates growth, migration, and collagen synthesis in fibroblasts
what type of regenerative tissue are neurons?
permanent
What are hypertrophic scars?
excessive scarring about 4 weeks after injury; remains within wound borders
mostly type III collagen, organized, may regress spontaneously
What is the primary mechanism behind the anti-anaphylactic use of epinephrine?
vasoconstriction; reduces swelling
Describe the hypersensitivity associated with PPD testing:
type IV (delayed-type); memory T-cells recognize tuberculin, triggers Th1 response, redness and induration 24 to 72 hours later
What is granulation tissue?
“pre-scar tissue”; early healing stages (3 to5 days post injury)
collagen and new vessels, proliferating fibroblasts and some inflammatory cells
What is hypersensitivity?
an inappropriate (or exaggerated) immune response; resulting in a disease state
what type of regenerative tissue are the kidneys?
stable
What is the role of endothelial cells in inflammation?
express adhesion molecules for leukocytes (triggered by TNF-alpha and IL-1)
Proliferate to handle increased flow
Produce chemokines and stimulate angiogenesis
What are some of the issues with monoclonal antibodies as anti-tumor agents?
anti-mAb antibodies; also tumor evolution
Why are autoimmune diseases self perpetuating?
Self injured tissues produce more self-antigens, leading to growing autoimmune response
Describe the hypersensitivity associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?
Generalized type III (serum sickness); anti-DNA antibodies
what is a D-dimer?
Clinical test for inflammation; a degredation product of fibrin that indicates clot formation
What is PGD2?
Prostaglandin D2; causes bronchoconstriction and eosinophil infiltration
What is FOXP3?
a gene expressed in Treg cells that functions as a transcription factor for other immunosuppressive genes
What is lipoxygenase?
an enzyme involved in leukotriene synthesis from arachidonic acid
What is AIRE?
autoimmune regulator protein; drives the negative selection of T-cell self-antigen