[FMS] NAM - macronutrients Flashcards
What is the average dietary lipid (fat)?
-88g fat
-40% total energy intake
-triacylglycerols (TAGS)
-a small amount of cholesterol
what are essential fatty acids?
- major constituents of membrane phospholipids
- precursors of eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, prostacyclins
^such as:
linoleic acid (C18:2 ω6)
linolenic acid (C18:3 ω3)
What is the dietary fat requirement?
- UK DoH recommendation 2-5 g /day
- UK diet 8-15g /day
3 monosaccharides
glucose
sorbitol
inositol
2 disaccharides
sucrose
lactose
2 polysaccharides
Starch
Non-starch (NSP) term replaces ‘fibre’
what happens if you have an increased intake of saturated fatty acid?
increases LDL and total cholesterol
what happens if you have an increased intake of trans saturated fatty acid?
decreases HDL
what happens if you have an increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid?
lowers blood cholesterol
What are the 4 types of protein-energy malnutrition?
- Growth Failure
- Marasmus
- Kwashiorkor
- Marasmic kwashiorkor
MARASMUS, KWASHIKOR, MARASMIC KWASHIKOR = EXTREME FORMS OF PEM
what is the classification of Protein Energy Malnutrition by BMI
18.5 - 25 = acceptable
17 - 18.4 = moderate PEM
16 - 17 = moderately severe PEM
less than 16 = severe PEM
in marasmus, kwashikor, marasmic kwashikor - explain which one has odema, and which doesnt
marasmus = no odema
kwashikor = odema
marasmic kwashikor = odema
what are the characteristic of marasmus
- extreme emaciation
- loss of body’s fat reserves
- muscle wasting
- loss of protein from vital organs
- impaired immune response
- loss of intestinal mucosa and so impaired absorption
- diarrhoea
- apathy
what is kwashikor?
- severe oedema
- liver enlargement and fat infiltration
- changes in colour and texture of hair
- dermatitis (easily infected)
- if very severe can lead to mental retardation
what is marasmic kwashikor
Mixture of the marasmus + kwashikor
not clear what determines which form - children can switch from one to another
