Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FOOD TECHNOLOGY > FMB - Lecture 4 > Flashcards

FMB - Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to an increase in size of all part of the organism.

A

Microbial Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It can result from an increase in cell number, cell size, of the amount of substance surrounding cells.

A

Microbial Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An increase in the size of a give population.

A

Unicellular Microorganisms / Microbial Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It may be expressed as an increased in either the number of individuals or the total amount of biomass.

A

Unicellular Microorganisms / Microbial Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Division into two. Asexual reproduction. It has four stages.

A

Binary Fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Four Stages in Binary Fission:

A
  1. Parent Cell
  2. DNA Duplicates
  3. Cytoplasm Divides
  4. 2 Daughter Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Form of asexual reproduction. There must be an outgrowth (bud) that develops on the parent cell.

A

Budding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Division of _______ can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.

A

Budding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Standard bacterial growth curve.

A

Phases of Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Making new enzymes in response to new medium. No division is happening.

A

LAG Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adaptation and there is no net increase in bacterial numbers, however, the cells are metabolically active.

A

LAG Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Geometric progression.

A

LOG / EXPONENTIAL Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Desired for production of products.

A

Exponential / Logarithmic Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Can occur for a limited time because of nutrient and gas depletion, waste accumulation, and decrease in ATP generation.

A

LOG / EXPONENTIAL Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The time required for a cell to divide.

A

Generation Time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Maintain logarithmic phase of bacteria.

A

Chemostat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is the continuous flow of media.

A

Chemostat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The period of equilibrium.

A

STATIONARY Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Microbial death balance production of new cells.

A

STATIONARY Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Population is decreasing at a logarithmic rate.

A

DEATH Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Assume a variety of unusual shapes.
- Pleomorphic
- Hard for the microbiologists to identify.

A

INVOLUTION - Death Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Methods used to measure microbial growth:

A
  1. Plate Counts (Serial Dilution, Pour/Spread Plates)
  2. Filtration
  3. Most Probable Number Method
  4. Direct Microscopic Count
  5. Flow Cytometry (FACS)
  6. Turbidity

Indirect Method
1. Dry weight
2. Metabolic Activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Each colony on plate or filter arises from single live cell. Only count live cells.

A

PLATE COUNT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Small volume of liquid, diluted sample pipette on to surface of the medium and spread around evenly by a sterile spreading tool.

A

SPREAD PLATE METHOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fixed amount of inoculum (generally 1 ml) from a broth/sample is placed in the center of sterile Petri dish using a sterile pipette.

A

POUR PLATE METHOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Viable counts are expressed in __________________________ , rather than cells, per unit volume.

A

COLONY FORMING UNITS (CFU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ideally only plates with _______ colonies are used.

A

25 - 250

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Heavy and confluent growth, greater than 300 colonies.

A

TNTC (Too Numerous To Count)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Countable, 25 - 250 , 30 - 300 colonies.

A

Medium Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Few/light growth of colonies. Less than 25 / 30 colonies (1-24).

A

Too Few To Count (TFTC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Because it is impossible to tell whether colonies are separates.

A

Confluent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Selective / Differential media is used for this method. It has a membrane filter with 45-47 micro filter (utilizes a selectively-permeable membrane).

A

Filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Count positive tubes and compare statistical ______ table.

A

Most Probable Number (MPN) / Multiple Test Tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Can be used for microbes that will grow in a liquid medium; it is a statistical estimation of microorganisms and it is statistically significant.

A

Most Probable Number (MPN) / Multiple Test Tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Need a microscope, special slides, and
high power objective lens. Counts live cells.

A

Direct Microscopic Counts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the special slide used for direct microscopic counts?

A

Petroff-Hausser cell counter

37
Q

Formula for Direct Microscopic Counts:

A

Number of bacteria / mL = number of cells counted / volume of area counted

38
Q

It is computer generated. Counts live cells, death cells, and beads.

A

Flow Cytometry / Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)

39
Q

Practical way of monitoring microbial growth. Growth Curve.

40
Q

Cells act like large particles that scatter visible light. It also measure both live and dead cells.

41
Q

A _____________ sends a beam of visible light through a culture and measures how much light is scattered.

A

Spectrophotometer

42
Q

In turbidity, scales read in either __________ or ____________.

A

Absorbance or % transmission

43
Q

Turbidity: The ____________ is used to plot bacterial growth.

A

Absorbance

44
Q

Compares growth of microorganisms. It has particular estimate per standards.

A

Mcfarland Standard

45
Q

A chemical solution of barium chloride and sulfuric acid. The reaction between these two chemicals results in the production of a fine precipitate, barium sulfate.

A

Mcfarland Standard

46
Q

Used to standardize the approximate number of bacteria in a liquid suspension by comparing the turbidity of the test suspension with that of the ______________________.

A

Mcfarland Standard

47
Q

Indirect ways of estimating bacterial numbers are:

A
  1. Metabolic Activity
  2. Dry Weight
48
Q

This method assumes that the amount of a certain metabolic product, such as acid or CO2, is in direct proportion to the number of bacteria present

A

Metabolic Activity

49
Q
  • For filamentous organisms. Make use of Biomass.
  • The fungus is removed from the growth medium, filtered to remove extraneous material, and dried in a desiccator.
A

Dry Weight

50
Q

FUNGI

A

◼ Eukaryotic
◼ Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic
◼ Chemoheterotrophic - is the term for an organism which derives its energy from chemicals, and needs to consume other organisms in order to live.

51
Q

Study of Fungi

52
Q

Beneficial and important in Food Chain. They are decomposers and responsible to recycle vital elements.

53
Q

Forms of Fungi:

A
  1. Yeast
  2. Molds
  3. Dimorphism
54
Q

◼ Unicellular fungi
◼ Fission _______ divide symmetrically
- Schizosaccharomyces octosporus
◼ Budding ______ divide asymmetrically
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae

55
Q

Visible structure of molds.

56
Q

Macro structure of molds.

57
Q

Multicellular fungi.

58
Q

Molds: The fungal thallus consists of ___________.

59
Q

Molds: A mass of hyphae is a __________.

60
Q

Molds: Nutrients are involved.

A

Vegetative Hyphae

61
Q

Molds: Sexual reproductive.

A

Aerial / Reproductive Hyphae

62
Q

Can change forms: Fungi or Yeast. Temperature dependent.

A

Dimorphism

63
Q

Pathogenic dimorphic fungi are yeastlike at _________ and moldlike at _________.

A
  • yeastlike at 37°C
  • moldlike at 25°C
64
Q

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

A
  • Plasmogamy
  • Karyogamy
  • Meiosis
65
Q

Haploid donor cell nucleus (+) penetrates
cytoplasm of recipient cell (–). Union of Cytoplasm.

A

Plasmogamy

66
Q

+ and – nuclei fuse (union or fusing of nucleus). Differences in genetic material.

67
Q

Diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei (sexual spores).

68
Q

Method of Sexual Reproduction:

A
  1. Planogametic copulation
  2. Gametangial contact
  3. Gametangial copulation (gametangiogamy)
  4. Somatogamy
  5. Spermatization:
69
Q

Fusion of two flagellate gametes.

A

Planogametic copulation

70
Q

Planogametic copulation

A
  1. Isogamy
  2. Anisogamy
  3. Oogamy
71
Q

Same morphology, different physiology.

72
Q

They are heterogamy.

A

Anisogamy and Oogamy

73
Q

Female is bigger than the male. Both motile.

74
Q

Male is motile, Female is non motile.

75
Q

Examples of the following:

  1. Isogamy -
  2. Anisogamy -
  3. Oogamy -
A
  1. Isogamy - Synchytrium
  2. Anisogamy - Allomyces
  3. Oogamy - Monoblepharis
76
Q

Fertilization tube (to transfer nucleus). No Fusion, they will only attach to one another (magdidikit lang). Male - female.

A

Gametangial contact

77
Q

Fusion of entire cell.

A

Gametangial copulation (gametangiogamy)

78
Q

+,- strain of mycelia. Fusion of structures. Formation of hyphae (cells but not nucleus).

A

Somatogamy

79
Q

Formation of spermatia, receptive hyphae. Non-motile gametes.

A

Spermatization

80
Q

Examples of Gametangial contact:

A

Albugo
Pythium

81
Q

Examples of Gametangial copulation:

A

Mucor
Rhizopus

82
Q

Examples of Somatogamy:

A

Agaricus
Peniophora

83
Q

Example of Spermatization:

84
Q

Types of Fungi:

A
  1. Chytridiomycota
  2. Zygomycota
  3. Basidiomycota
  4. Ascomycota
85
Q

Zygomycota

A

◼ Conjugation fungi.
◼ Coenocytic.
◼ Produce sporangiospores and zygospores.
◼ Rhizopus, Mucor (Opportunistic, systemic mycoses)

86
Q

Ascomycota

A

◼ Sac fungi.
◼ Septate.
◼ Produce ascospores and frequently conidiospores.
- Aspergillus (opportunistic, systemic mycosis)
- Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum (systemic mycoses)
- Microsporum, Trichophyton (cutaneous mycoses)

87
Q

Basidiomycota

A

◼ Club fungi.
◼ Septate.
◼ Produce basidiospores and sometimes conidiospores.
- Cryptococcus neoformans (systematic mycosis)

88
Q

Chytridiomycota

A

◼ commonly known as chytrids
◼ Aerobic zoosporic fungi
◼ coenocytic
◼ Reproduce asexually by forming motile zoospores

FOOD TECHNOLOGY (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions