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FOOD TECHNOLOGY > FMB - Lecture 3 > Flashcards

FMB - Lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The science of the classification of organisms, with the goal of showing evolutionary relationships among organisms.

A

Bacterial Taxonomy

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2
Q

Bacterial Taxonomy includes:

A
  1. Classification
  2. Nomenclature
  3. Identification
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3
Q

The orderly arrangement of units.

A

Classification

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4
Q

Naming of units.

A

Nomenclature

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5
Q

Unit of classification through classification and nomenclature.

A

Identification

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6
Q

Swedish botanist and the father of taxonomy.

A

Carolus Linneaus

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7
Q

Produced an extensive system of classification for both plants and animals. (started specifically in flowers).

A

Carolus Linneaus

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8
Q

He created systema naturae.

A

Carolus Linneaus

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9
Q
  • Greek philosopher and biologist
  • First to classify organisms according to their structural similarities.
  • Developed the 1st widely accepted system of Biological classification
A

Aristotle

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10
Q

He created the 2 kingdom system.

A

Aristotle

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11
Q

Can prepare their own foods.

A

Autotrophs - Plantae

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12
Q

The are after the autotrophs and cannot prepare their own food.

A

Heterotrophs - Animalia

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13
Q

The great chain of being by Aristotle.

A

Two kingdom system

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14
Q

PLANTAE

A
  • Algae
  • Fungi
  • Bacteria
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15
Q

ANIMALIA

A
  • Porifera
  • Mollusca
  • Chordata
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16
Q

He did not clear prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

A

Ernst Hackel

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17
Q

He created the three kingdom system.

A

Ernst Hackel

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18
Q

Living being are classified on the basis of unicellularity and multicellurity in ______ kingdoms.

A

Three Kingdom System

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19
Q

THREE KINGDOM SYSTEM

A
  • Protista
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
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20
Q

To describe bacteria.

A

Procariotique

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21
Q

To describe animal and plant cells.

A

Eucariotique

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22
Q

He classified prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

A

Edouard Chatton

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23
Q

He created the four kingdom system.

A

Herbert Copeland

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24
Q

The two super kingdom in four kingdom system.

A
  • Prokaryota
  • Eukaryota
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25
Q

The four kingdom in four kingdom system.

A
  • Monera
  • Protista
  • Animalia
  • Plantae
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26
Q

He created the five kingdom classification system.

A

Robert Whittaker

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27
Q

The levels of the cellular organization in five kingdom classification system are:

A

prokaryotic, unicellular eukaryotic, and multicellular eukaryotic.

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28
Q

The principal modes of nutrition in five kingdom classification system are:

A

photosynthesis, absorption, and ingestion.

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29
Q

He created the three domain classification system.

A

Carl Woese

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30
Q

The three domain in three domain classification system.

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eucaryota
31
Q

This has pseudopeptidoglycan, and more related to eukaryotes. They also share common ancestors.

A

Archaea

32
Q

Loves extreme environment and does nt have effects on foods.

A

Archaea

33
Q

Taxonomic ranks or levels in ascending order.

A

Species - E. coli
Genus - Escherichia
Family - Enterobacteriaceae
Order - Enterobacteriales
Class - y-Proteobacteria
Phylum - Proteobacteria
Domain - Bacteria

34
Q

Three characteristics used in Bacterial Taxonomy.

A
  1. Conventional Classification
  2. Numerical Classification
  3. Phylogenetic Classification
35
Q

This is to observe and analyse genetic. Examples of this are cell shape, cell size, colonial morphology, and staining behavior.

A

Convention Classification

36
Q
  • Numerical Taxonomy.
  • The used of dendogram.
A

Numerical Classification

37
Q

Evolutionary relationship/arrangement of species.

A

Phylogenetic Classification

38
Q

Molecular methods under genetic homology are:

A
  • Base composition (GC ratio)
  • Nucleic acid hybridization
  • Ribosomal RNA sequence analysis
  • Protein profiles and amino acid sequences
39
Q

Diagram representing a particular three. Illustrates arrangements of clusters.

A

Dendogram

40
Q

́Assigns each organism two names.

A

́Binomial Nomenclature

41
Q

They govern one of the nomenclature codes for biology.

A

ICNB - International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria or also known as Bacteriological Code (BC)

42
Q

Identification includes this where 2 choices are given.

A

́Dichotomous key

43
Q

Under Dichotomous key are:

A
  • Cellular morphology
  • Stain
  • Motility
  • Growth
  • Biochemical
  • Serological
  • Analysis of products
44
Q

It contains 12 agar.

A

EnteroPluri-Test / Enterotube

45
Q

It is used to classify bacteria based on their
structural and functional attributes by
arranging them into specific familial orders.

A

Bergey’s Manual

46
Q

He created the Bergey’s Manual.

A

David Hendricks Bergey

47
Q

Classifies bacteria via evolutionary or genetic relationships.

A

Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

48
Q

Classifies bacteria by cell wall composition, morphology, biochemical tests, differential staining, etc.

A

Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

49
Q

They are prokaryotes with 70s ribosomes and it contains peptidoglycan cell walls.

A

Bacteria

50
Q

For energy, they use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis.

A

Bacteria

51
Q

For reproduction they are Vegetative, Sexual, and
Asexual.

A

Bacteria

52
Q

They are eukaryotes with 80s ribosomes.

A

Fungi

53
Q

Fungi have this on their cell walls.

A

Chitin

54
Q
  1. Yeasts are ___________
  2. Molds and mushrooms are ___________
A
  1. unicellular
  2. multicellular
55
Q

For reproduction they are sexual and asexual. And uses organic chemicals for energy.

A

Fungi

56
Q

Three common types of fungi:

A
  1. Rhizopus (bread molds)
  2. Aspergillus
  3. Penicillum
57
Q

They are eukaryotes and absorbs of ingest organic chemicals.

A

Protozoa

58
Q

́May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella

A

Protozoa

59
Q

_________ can reproduce sexually or asexually

A

Protozoa

60
Q

The host of virus are __________

A

Bacteria

61
Q

They are acellular and consist of DNA and RNA core.

A

Virus

62
Q

Core is surrounded by protein coat. Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope.

A

Virus

63
Q

___________ are replicated only when they are in a living host cell.

A

Virus

64
Q

Viruses contains:

A

Viroids - RNA
Prions - Proteins

65
Q

Examples of Virus:

A

Hepatitis A virus
Hepatitis E virus
Norovirus
Nipah Virus

66
Q

Primary Sources of Microorganism found in foods are:

A
  • Soil
  • Water
  • Air
  • Food
  • Handlers
  • Utensils and equipment
  • Cross contamination
67
Q
  • spore forming bacteria
  • fecal microorganisms
A

Soil

68
Q
  • fecal microorganisms
A

Water and Food

69
Q
  • conveyer of microorganisms
A

Air

70
Q
  • coliforms
  • Staphylococcus aureus
A

Handlers

71
Q

First to classify organisms according to their structural similarities.

A

Aristotle

72
Q

Developed the 1st widely accepted system of biological classification.

A

Aristotle

73
Q

Does not have murein/peptidoglycan on cell wall.

A

Archaebacteria

FOOD TECHNOLOGY (9 decks)

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