FM 3-22.9 M-16 Flashcards
What publication covers rifle marksmanship M16/M4 series weapon?
FM 3-22.9, dated 10 February 2011
What does FM 3-22.9 cover?
Rifle marksmanship M16/M4 series weapon.
What is the FIRST THING you must do when handling a weapon
CLEAR IT
Name the 5 phases in Basic Rifle Marksmanship
1) PMI-Preliminary Marksman Instruction
2) Downrange Feedback
3) Field Fire
4) Advanced Rifle MArksmanship
5) Advanced Optics, Laser and Iron Sights
What is BRM?
Basic Rifle Marksmanship
What are the four Fundamentals of BMI?
1) Steady Position
2) Sight Picture
3) Breathing
4) Trigger Squeeze
During PMI, what are the only two positions taught?
Individual foxhole supported
Basic prone un-supported
What are the two basic elements of the Sight Picture?
Sight Alignment
Placing of Aiming point
What does the acronym SPORTS stand for?
Slap Pull Observe Release Tap and Shoot
What is meant by the term “immediate action”
SPORTS!
Describe the procedure for Remedial Action
1) attempt to place on safe
2) Remove mag
3) Lock the bolt to the rear
4) Ensure/Place weapon on safe
How many times should immediate action be applied to a weapon?
ONCE! if fails, switch to REMEDIAL ACTION
What is stoppage?
The failure of a weapon to complete the cycle of operation
What is the definition of Maximum Effective Range?
The GREATEST DISTANCE by which a soldier may be expected to deliver a target hit accurately
What does CLP stand for?
Cleaner- Lubricator- Preservative
What are the 7 types of ammunition that can be used with the M16?
Ball Trace Dummy Blank Green tip ball Red tip tracer Blue Tip short range plastic
What is the muzzle velocity of the M16/A2?
3,100 ft / second
What is the maximum effective range of the M-16A2/A3?
Maximum Effective POINT 550 Meters
Maximum Effective AREA 800 Meters
What are the steps for Zeroing?
Mechanical Zeroing consists of these steps:
1) Adjust front sight post
2) Adjust Elevation knob
3) Position apertures
4) Continue until you have achieved a tight shot group
What is the Basic Load?
210 Rounds total.
7 magazines with 30 rounds each
What is grouping?
Grouping is a form of practice firing with two primary objectives: firing tight shot groups and consistently placing those shot groups in the same location.
What is zeroing?
Zeroing aligns the sights of the weapons with the weapons barrel.
What will greatly reduce love fire grouping times?
Frequent use of the EST 2000 or LMTS.
What are perishable skills?
General marksmanship knowledge and weapon proficiency.
What are the two primary components of a marksmanship training strategy?
Initial training and sustainment training.
What does PMI stand for?
Preliminary marksmanship instruction
What 3 tools should NCOs and commanders use to develop a training plan and assess the marksmanship program in a unit?
1) direct observation of training
2) spot checks
3) review of past training
What 3 things does the instructor do to ensure that firers are aware of their firing errors, understand the causes and apply remedies?
1) observe the firer
2) question the firer
3) analyze the shot group
Who must attend refresher training?
All soldiers
What does LMTS stand for?
Laser marksmanship training system
What does EST 2000 stand for?
Engagement skills trainer 2000
What is the weight of a M4 with 30 round magazine?
7.5 lbs
What is the weight of a M16A2/A3 with 30 round magazine?
8.79 lbs
Describe the M16/M4 series weapon.
The M16/M4 series weapon is a magazine fed, gas operated, air cooled, shoulder fired, 5.56 mm weapon
What is the maximum range of a M16/M4 series weapon?
3,600 meters
What is the maximum effective range of a M4 series weapon?
500m for point targets
600m for area targets
What should soldiers apply to clear stoppage?
Either immediate or remedial action to clear stoppage.
How many time do you apply immediate action?
Only once
What is immediate action?
Involves quickly applying a possible correction to reduce a stoppage without performing troubleshooting procedures to determine the cause.
What is remedial action?
The continuing effort to determine the cause of a stoppage or malfunction and attempt to clear the stoppage once it has been identified.
What are the 4 different types of common malfunctions?
1) failure to feed, chamber or lock
2) failure to fire
3) failure to extract
4) failure to eject
Who can authorize the destruction of weapons?
Only the commander
What is an infantryman’s basic battlefield tool?
His weapon
What are the 3 modes of fire for the M16/M4?
Semiautomatic, automatic, burst
What does BUIS stand form?
Back Up Iron Sights
What is the purpose of the BUIS?
If the M68 fails, the prezeroed BUIS may be flipped up and used to continue the mission
What is the ACOG?
Advanced Combat Optic Gunsight is designed to provide enhanced target identification and hit probability for the M4A1/M16 series weapon when firing as far as 800 meters away
What is the dual illuminated technology of the ACOG?
Fiber optics for daytime employment and tritium for night time and low-light use
How are malfunctions caused?
Malfunctions are caused by procedural or mechanical failures of the rifle, magazine, or ammunition
What are the 4 types of common malfunctions?
Failure to fire
Failure to feed, chamber or lock
Failure to extract
Failure to eject
Describe the EST 2000.
A home station, indoor, multipurpose, multilane, small arms, crew-served, shoulder launched munitions gunnery simulator with superior accuracy and state-of-the-art graphics
What is the EST 2000 used to provide small arms weapon training on?
1) marksmanship
2) squad tactical procedures
3) close-range shoot/don’t shoot techniques and skills
Can certain live fire events be authorized on the EST 2000?
Commanders should review DA Pam 350-38 for live fire events that can be executed using the EST 2000
What is the circle size for a soldier to qualify for a good grouping?
4-centimeter circle
What are the 3 category in the study of ballistics in rifles and carbines?
Internal ballistics
External ballistics
Terminal ballistics
What is internal ballistics?
Deals with what happens to a bullet before it leaves the weapons muzzle
What is external ballistics?
Deals with factors affecting the flight path of the bullet between the weapons muzzle and the target
What are the external ballistics that affect bullet trajectory?
Gravity Muzzle velocity Air resistance (drag) Altitude or air density Temperature Trajectory Wind Angles
How does cold air impact the ballistics of a bullet?
Causes the bullet to lose velocity, causing the bullet to impact lower than intended
How does hot/warm air impact the ballistics of a bullet?
Causes the strike of the round to move up
Which of the external ballistics has the most impact on the bullet?
Wind
What does terminal ballistics deal with?
Deals with what happens to the bullet when it comes in contact with the target
What does the bullet penetration depend on?
Range, velocity, bullet characteristics and target material
What does MOA stand for?
Minute of angle
What is MOA?
Standard unit of measurement used in adjusting a weapons sights and other ballistic-related measurements
What does the ability to locate a combat target depend on?
Position
Skill in scanning
Ability to observe the area and recognize the type of indicators made by the target
What is target detection?
Process of locating, marking, prioritizing and determining the range of combat targets
What is considered the selection of a “good position?”
One that offers maximum visibility of the area, while affording cover and concealment
What are 3 methods used to scan the area?
Self-preservation
50-meter overlapping strip method
Maintaining observation method
When would soldiers use the self-preservation method of search?
When moving into a new area
What is a target indicator?
Anything that a soldier (enemy or friendly) does or fails to do that reveals his position
What are 3 general target indicators?
Sound
Movement
Improper camouflage
What are 3 general indicators that may reveal a camouflaged or concealed target?
Shine
Regularity of outline
Contrast with the background
