Fluorides, OHI, Food

Question 1

How can prevention be divided? paper?

Answer 1

SIGN
primary preventon
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention

Question 2

What is primary prevention?

Answer 2

placing barriers

between the aetiological agent and the host

Question 3

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 3

limit the progression and effect of a disease at as early a stage as possible after onset

Question 4

WHat is tertiary prevention?

Answer 4

limiting the extent of disability once a disease

has caused some functional limitation

Question 5

According to SIGN what is the single best predictor of future caries risk?

Answer 5

previous caries experience

Question 6

What year was the Vipeholm study carried out in?

Answer 6

1945-1953

Question 7

What did the Vipeholm study conclude?

Answer 7

association between sugar consumption and dental caries.
It concluded that consumption
of sugary food and drinks both between meals and at meals is associated with a large
caries increment.

Question 8

WHat are the non fluoride preventative methods?

Answer 8

diet
OH
FS
Sugar free medicines
Chewing gum
CHX

Question 9

How can dietary sugars be classified?

Answer 9

Intrinsic: inside cell wall eg fruit
extrinsic: non milk and milk. NME: fruit juices, recipe sugar, table sugar

Question 10

What did the COMA repsot 1989 state re sugars?

Answer 10

caries is positively related to the frequency and amount of NME sugar consumption and NME sugars should be decreased and replaced by starchy and intrinsic sugars

Question 11

WHat does the DBOH toolkit advise re sugars?

Answer 11

four times/ day

sugars should be less than 10% f diet

Question 12

What dietary advice should we give to parents?

Answer 12

restrict sugar intake to only4 times a day
drink only milk and water
snack on sugar free snacks
avoid fruit juice and pop
nothing to each or drink once brushing

Question 13

Why is selecting non cariogenic food hard?

Answer 13

sugar content is not always clear
access to healthy foods difficult esp in socially deprived areas
sugar industry spends a lot of time on advertising
few families stick to three square meals a day
not everyone can cook

Question 14

What can we give to patients to assess diet?

Answer 14

diet diary

Question 15

What should we look at on the diet diary?

Answer 15

amount of sugar intake
frequency of sugar intakes and sugar snacks
how food and drink are consumed

Question 16

WHat are options for non cariogenic sugar free sweeteners?

Answer 16

bulk: sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, Maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, hydrogenated glucose syrup
Intense: Saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K, thaumatin

Question 17

WHat OH advice should we give to patients?

Answer 17

little evidence to show tooth brushing is effective since some plaque is always left behind in the fissures but effectve when used in compbination with fluoride toothpaste

Question 18

at what age should a smear of toothpaste be used?

Answer 18

under 2 yrs

Question 19

at what age should a pea sized amount be used?

Answer 19

above 2 years

Question 20

what is a fissure sleant?

Answer 20

material that is placed into the pits and fissures of teeth in order to prevent development of caries

Question 21

In which pateints should you fissure seal in?

Answer 21

children and young people with caries in the primary dentiton and with impairments and gihg caries risk

Question 22

in which teeth should you fissure seal in?

Answer 22

those with deep fissures which are susceptible to caries and erupted to allow sufficuent moistire control
if caries in one permanent molar then fissure seal all other molars

Question 23

Which teeth are most commonly fissure sealed?

Answer 23

FPM
Palatal pits of permanent laterals
second permanent molars and all premolars

posteriuor teeth in all high risk children

Question 24

What is the technqiue to fissure seal?

Answer 24

invetigate stained fissures
isolate tooth
etch with 30-40% phosphoric acid
wash and dry
place fissure sealant and cure fo 20seconds

Question 25

How eefective are fissure sealants at preventing caries?

Answer 25

cochrane review
FPM 78% less caries 2 years after occlusally and 60^ less 4 yrs later compared to un sealed molars

Ahovo salronta et al 2008

Question 26

What are the types of fissure sealnts ?

Answer 26

opaque and clear

materials: rein, GIC, compomer, FLuoride containing selants

Question 27

When are GIC sealnts useful?

Answer 27

high caries rate and temporary solution

partillaly erupted teeth

Question 28

Wat should we do to ensure sugar free medicines are always prescribed?

Answer 28

ensure ou write on the prescription

Question 29

Which type of chewing is most effective agasint caries?

Answer 29

those that contain xylitol and sorbitol

Question 30

Which is more effective, xylitol or sorbitol?

Answer 30

xylitol

Question 31

How effective is CHX in reducing caries?

Answer 31

el rinse and past can lead to 46% resduction