Fluorides, OHI, Food Flashcards
How can prevention be divided? paper?
SIGN
primary preventon
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention
What is primary prevention?
placing barriers
between the aetiological agent and the host
What is secondary prevention?
limit the progression and effect of a disease at as early a stage as possible after onset
WHat is tertiary prevention?
limiting the extent of disability once a disease
has caused some functional limitation
According to SIGN what is the single best predictor of future caries risk?
previous caries experience
What year was the Vipeholm study carried out in?
1945-1953
What did the Vipeholm study conclude?
association between sugar consumption and dental caries.
It concluded that consumption
of sugary food and drinks both between meals and at meals is associated with a large
caries increment.
WHat are the non fluoride preventative methods?
diet OH FS Sugar free medicines Chewing gum CHX
How can dietary sugars be classified?
Intrinsic: inside cell wall eg fruit
extrinsic: non milk and milk. NME: fruit juices, recipe sugar, table sugar
What did the COMA repsot 1989 state re sugars?
caries is positively related to the frequency and amount of NME sugar consumption and NME sugars should be decreased and replaced by starchy and intrinsic sugars
WHat does the DBOH toolkit advise re sugars?
four times/ day
sugars should be less than 10% f diet
What dietary advice should we give to parents?
restrict sugar intake to only4 times a day drink only milk and water snack on sugar free snacks avoid fruit juice and pop nothing to each or drink once brushing
Why is selecting non cariogenic food hard?
sugar content is not always clear
access to healthy foods difficult esp in socially deprived areas
sugar industry spends a lot of time on advertising
few families stick to three square meals a day
not everyone can cook
What can we give to patients to assess diet?
diet diary
What should we look at on the diet diary?
amount of sugar intake
frequency of sugar intakes and sugar snacks
how food and drink are consumed
WHat are options for non cariogenic sugar free sweeteners?
bulk: sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, Maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, hydrogenated glucose syrup
Intense: Saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K, thaumatin
WHat OH advice should we give to patients?
little evidence to show tooth brushing is effective since some plaque is always left behind in the fissures but effectve when used in compbination with fluoride toothpaste
at what age should a smear of toothpaste be used?
under 2 yrs
at what age should a pea sized amount be used?
above 2 years
what is a fissure sleant?
material that is placed into the pits and fissures of teeth in order to prevent development of caries
In which pateints should you fissure seal in?
children and young people with caries in the primary dentiton and with impairments and gihg caries risk
in which teeth should you fissure seal in?
those with deep fissures which are susceptible to caries and erupted to allow sufficuent moistire control
if caries in one permanent molar then fissure seal all other molars
Which teeth are most commonly fissure sealed?
FPM
Palatal pits of permanent laterals
second permanent molars and all premolars
posteriuor teeth in all high risk children
What is the technqiue to fissure seal?
invetigate stained fissures isolate tooth etch with 30-40% phosphoric acid wash and dry place fissure sealant and cure fo 20seconds
How eefective are fissure sealants at preventing caries?
cochrane review
FPM 78% less caries 2 years after occlusally and 60^ less 4 yrs later compared to un sealed molars
Ahovo salronta et al 2008
What are the types of fissure sealnts ?
opaque and clear
materials: rein, GIC, compomer, FLuoride containing selants
When are GIC sealnts useful?
high caries rate and temporary solution
partillaly erupted teeth
Wat should we do to ensure sugar free medicines are always prescribed?
ensure ou write on the prescription
Which type of chewing is most effective agasint caries?
those that contain xylitol and sorbitol
Which is more effective, xylitol or sorbitol?
xylitol
How effective is CHX in reducing caries?
el rinse and past can lead to 46% resduction
