Fluids/Electrolytes/Nutrition Flashcards
Roughly how much fluid passes through the GI tract daily?
9L
Small bowel secretes how much fluid/day?
Small bowel absorbs how much water?
- 5-2L
8. 5L
When can you use winter’s formula?
For METABOLIC ACIDOSIS. LOW BICARB. it determines what the PCO2 SHOULD BE.
Expected pCO2 = (1.5 x bicarb) + 8 +/-2
How much is daily biliary secretion?
Pancreatic secretion?
Biliary: 500cc
Pancreatic: 1.5 - 3L
What is the daily gastric secretion?
1-2L
Daily saliva sevretion
1.5L
How much fluid does the colon absorb?
400cc
ADH is synthesized where? Stored where?
Synthesized in hypothalamus
Stored in POSTERIOR pituitary
How does ADH affect coagulation?
Releases factor VIII and vwf from the endothelium
Renin is released from where?
What does it convert?
The juxtaglomerular apparatus of the AFFERENT arterioles
Converts angiotensinogen (comes from liver) to angiotensin I.
ACE (comes from lung) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
What happens to calcium when you hyperventilate?
Respiratory alkalosis Increases the binding capacity of calcium to albumin. Decreases ionized calcium lvl
Is aldosterone ADH?
How does potassium affect aldosterone?
How does sodium and potassium affect aldosterone?
No. ADH produced in hypothalamus, stored in posterior pituitary. Aldosterone produced by zona glomerulosa (outermost layer of the adrenal cortex)
Hyperkalemia leads to aldosterone production.
Hyponatremia leads to aldosterone production.
What is the most likely cause of hypermagnesemia?
NOT iatrogenic repletion
It’s renal failure
Ekg changes with hypercalcemia/hypocalcemia?
What is one of the earliest signs of hypocalcemia?
Shortened QT for hyper
Prolonged QT for hypo
Perioral numbness
Proteins and phosphates are buffers intra- or extracellularly?
Bicarb is a buffer intra- or extracellularly?
Proteins and phosphates: intracellular
Bicarb: extracellular
Active transport or facilitated diffusion?
- Fructose
- Galactose
- Glucose
- fructose: facilitated diffusion
- Galactose: active transport
- glucose: active transport
Lactate is released from where?
From glycolysis of skeletal muscles and erythrocytes and leukocytes
What is glucose + glucose?
Maltose
What is glucose + fructose?
Sucrose
What is glucose + Galactose?
Lactose
Kwashiorkor vs marasmus. Which one has anasarca? Which one is associated with total caloric deficit as opposed to protein malnutrition?
Kwashiorkor has anasarca
Marasmus: total calorie deficit.
Peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, hemolytic anemia
Deficiency of what?
Vit E
What are the essential trace elements?
Manganese, chromium, copper, zinc
And selenium
Long term tpn pt. Starts having rash and hair falling out. What is deficient?
Zinc