Fluids & Electrolytes

Question 1

Sodium bicarbonate

Answer 1

Electrolyte
Shift potassium back into cells
Uses for severe metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia
AE: caustic to vasculature, hypokalemia, can cause metabolic alkalosis, fluid retention/edema

Question 2

Potassium chloride

Answer 2

Electrolyte
Used for hypokalemia
Dilute when possible
AE: GI upset, irritation of IV site, caustic to vessels

Question 3

Magnesium sulfate

Answer 3

Electrolyte
Mag sulfate and mag oxide are replacements
Regulates skeletal muscle contractility
AE: diarrhea, renal dysfunction
**hydroxide = antacid
**citrate = laxative

Question 4

Calcium Chloride

Answer 4

Electrolyte
Protects the heart, prevent dysrhythmias
More caustic
Administered centrally

Question 5

Calcium gluconate

Answer 5

Electrolyte
Protects the heart
May be given peripherally

Question 6

Albuterol

Answer 6

Hyperkalemia
Shifts potassium back into the cell
Short acting Beta 2 Agonist, stimulates production of cAMP (getting Na-K pumps working)
AE: tahycardia, monitor potassium

Question 7

Dextrose 50% & Insulin

Answer 7

Hyperkalemia
Shift potassium back into the cell
IV or SC
Essential for cellular uptake of glucose
Helps ATPase pumps

Question 8

Kayexalate

Answer 8

Hyperkalemia
Increases potassium elimination
Given orally or rectally
Takes a few hours to kick in
AE: intestinal necrosis