Antibiotics

Question 1

Amoxicillin

Answer 1

Antimicrobial, bacteriocidal
Broad spectrum
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Hypersensitivity, diarrhea
May take with food, renal elimination, oral contraception interaction

Question 2

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid

Answer 2

Augmentin
Antimicrobial, bacteriocidal
Broad spectrum
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor, beta lactamase inhibition
Hypersensitivity, diarrhea
May take with food, renal elimination

Question 3

Piperacillin + Tazobactam

Answer 3

Zosyn
Antimicrobial, bacteriocidal
Extended spectrum penicillin, nosocomial infections
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Hypersensitivity, diarrhea
Only injectible

Question 4

Cephalexin

Answer 4

Keflex
Antimicrobial, bacteriocidal, first generation cephlosporin
Gram positive, skin flora
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Renal elimination, cellulitis

Question 5

Cefriaxone

Answer 5

Rocephin
Antimicrobial, bacteriocidal, third generation cephlosporin
Some gram +, some gram -, excellent for Strep Pneumo & N. Gono
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Hypersensitivity, may increase bleeding
AVOID IN NEONATES, parentral nutrition contraindication

Question 6

Tetracycline

Answer 6

Doxycycline
Antimicrobial, bacteriostatic
Gram +, Gram -, Chlamydia, tick borne illnesses, mycoplasma pneumo
Protein synthesis inhibitor at 30s
Tooth discoloration in pregnancy & children, phototoxicity, development of C. Diff
Binds to cations, avoid milk/antacids (administer at least 2 hours from cation ingestion), oral contraception interactions

Question 7

Macrolides

Answer 7

Azithromycin
Antimicrobial, bacteriostatic
Atypical organisms, broad spectrum
Protein synthesis inhibitor, binds at 50s
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, risk of QT elongation
Watch for symptoms of tachycardia

Question 8

Metronidazole

Answer 8

Antimicrobial
Protozoa, trichomoniasis, narrow spectrum, anaerobic bacteria
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis (cell death)
Nausea, vomiting, headache, metallic taste, hypersensitivity, ethanol reaction (facial flushing), tachycardia
Monitor vitals, avoid drinking alcohol

Question 9

Azole

Answer 9

Fluconazole
Anti-fungal
Inhibits CYP450 dependent synthesis of ergosterol, results in damage to cytoplasmic membrane
Nausea, vomiting, headache, rash, abdominal pain (hepatic necrosis)
Monitor liver functions