Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MedSurg > Fluids & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluids & Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

CO2 level (bicarb)

A

23 - 29 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Specific gravity level

A

1.005 - 1.030

  • Less than 1.005 = dilute urine, hypervolemia
  • Greater than 1.030 = concentrated urine, hypovolemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Creatinine level

A

0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

BUN level

A

6 - 20 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Glucose level

A

70 - 110 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Platelet level

A

150,000 - 450,000 /uL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hemoglobin level

A

M: 13.5 - 17.5 g/dL
F: 12 - 16 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

WBC level

A

4500 - 10,500 / uL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hyperkalemia medical management

A
  • Dietary modifications
  • IV dextrose and insulin administration (glucose shift which K follows)
  • Loop diuretics
  • Kay-exalate (promote GI excretion of K)
  • Severe: calcium to reverse arrythmias, not lower K
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hyperkalemia clinical manifestations

A
  • *Palpitations
  • *EKG changes
  • Paresthesias
  • Generalized fatigue
  • Muscle cramps
  • Weakness
  • Serious complications: cardiac arrest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hyperkalemia causes

A
  • Acute or chronic renal failure (bc major excretor of K)
  • Excessive intake of foods high in potassium: banana, potato, leafy greans
  • Medications: potass-sparing diuretics, NSAIDs, potass supplements, beta blockers, digitalis
  • Shift of intracellular potass to extracellular space: crush injuries, metabolic acidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hypokalemia medical management

A
  • Potass supplement (oral preferred)
  • Cardiac monitoring
  • Intravenous access

*Monitor digoxin levels and administer potass slowly d/t arrhythmias + irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypokalemia clinical manifestations

A
  • Weakness and lethargy (d/t Na/K pumps & AP)
  • N/V
  • Constipation
  • Abd cramping
  • *ST depress on EKG
  • Severe complication: cardiac or resp arrest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypokalemia causes

A
  • Losses in GI Tract (vomit, diarrhea, gastric suction, excessive laxative)
  • Medications: loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, aminoglycosides (antibiotic type), steroids, albuterol
  • Lack of potassium rich foods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Potass levels

A

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chloride levels

A

97 - 107 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypernatremia medical management

A
  • Limit sodium intake
  • Replace water deficits w hypotonic fluids (anything less than 0.9% normal saline: D5W, 0.45%…)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypernatremia clinical manifestations

A
  • Nonspecific neurological symptoms: agitation, restlessness, neuromuscular irritability
  • Severe: hallucinations, delusions, disorientation, coma
  • Thirst
  • Signs of dehydration: dry mouth, poor skin turgor, low BP, rapid HR, dark yellow urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypernatremia causes

A
  • Reduced water intake
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Age
19
Q

Normal saline

A

0.9% sodium

20
Q

Hyponatremia medical management

A
  • Sodium replacement (oral, enteral, parenteral)
  • Fluid restriction 1500-2300
  • Parenteral replacement w isotonic IV fluids: 0.9% normal saline
  • Diuretics
  • Setting of neurological involvement: hypertonic IV fluids (3-5% saline solutions)
21
Q

Hyponatremia clinical manifestations

A
  • *Neurological
  • Cerebral edema
  • Lethargy/weakness
  • Headache
  • Confusion
  • Muscle cramps and altered gait
  • N/V
  • Serious complications: seizures, coma, death
22
Q

Hyponatremia causes

A
  • Heart failure
  • Meds (diuretics)
  • Vomit/diarrhea
  • Hyperglycemia w glucosuria
  • Perspiration
23
Q

Sodium levels

A

135 - 145 mEq/L

24
Q

Hypovolemia treatment

A
  • Fluid replacement (oral, enteral, parenteral)
  • Parenteral fluids: 5% dextrose with 0.45% NS or 0.45% NS
25
Q

Hypovolemia causes

A
  • Fluid shifts (third spacing)
  • Excessive loss of fluid
  • Lack of fluid intake
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis
26
Q

Hypovolemia clinical manifestations

A
  • Weight loss
  • Decreased skin turgor
  • Dry mucous membranes
  • Concentrated urine output
  • Oliguria (decreased urine output)
  • Thirst
  • Anxiety/restlessness
  • Decreased BP / tachycardia (bc heart is trying to compensate)
27
Q

Hypervolemia causes

A
  • Heart failure (fluid backs up)
  • Increased water and sodium retention
  • Increased sodium intake
  • Cirrhosis
28
Q

Hypervolemia clinical manifestations

A
  • Weight gain
  • Ascites / edema
  • Polyuria
  • Pulmonary edema (function of heart failure –> backflow into pulmonary veins)
  • Jugular vein distension
  • Extra heart sounds (S3) and adventitious lung sounds
  • SOB, increased RR, increased BP
29
Q

Hypervolemia treatment

A
  • Restrict fluid intake
  • Discontinue IV fluids
  • Diuretics
  • Dialysis
30
Q

Hypotonic fluids

A
  • 0.45% sodium chloride
  • 0.34% sodium chloride
  • 2.5% dextrose in water
31
Q

Hypotonic fluid movement

A

Move fluid into cell (osmolarity is lower than plasma and body fluids)

32
Q

Hypotonic fluid indications

A
  • Hypernatremia
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis
33
Q

Isotonic fluids

A
  • 0.9% sodium chloride
  • 5% dextrose in water
  • Lactated ringers
34
Q

Isotonic fluid movement

A

Equilibrium

35
Q

Isotonic fluid indication

A

Fluid deficits
Dehydration

36
Q

Hypertonic fluid

A
  • 3% sodium chloride
  • 5% dextrose in LR
  • 20% dextrose in water
  • Albumin 25%
37
Q

Hypertonic fluid movement

A

Fluid moves out of cell (osmolarity is higher than plasma and body fluids)

38
Q

Hypertonic fluid indications

A
  • Severe hyponatremia
  • Severe dehydration
  • Severe electrolyte imbalances
39
Q

Hypovolemia assessment

A
  • Daily weight
  • Monitor I&O
  • Skin assess, vital signs, neurological status
  • *Altered H&H
  • *Increased BUN
  • *Increased serum sodium
  • *Decreased serum potassium
  • *Increased urine specific gravity
40
Q

Hypervolemia assessment

A
  • Daily weight
  • Measure I&O
  • Skin assess, vital signs, neurological & pulm status
  • *Decreased H&H, BUN (dilutional)
  • *Decreased sodium
  • *Decreased urine specific gravity
41
Q

Hyponatremia / hypernatremia assessment

A
  • Daily weight
  • Measure I&O
  • Vital signs
  • Neurological checks
  • Monitor Na lvls
42
Q

Hypokalemia assessment

A
  • Monitor serum K level
  • Physical exam
  • *EKG monitor
  • Ensure IV access
  • *Monitor digoxin lvl: hypokalemia can increase effect of digoxin causing cardiac change, visual disturbance, N/V
43
Q

Hyperkalemia assess

A
  • Monitor serum K lvl
  • Monitor serum digoxin lvl
  • Physical exam
  • *EKG monitoring
  • Ensure IV access
  • Monitor BUN/Cr: increased lvls signify renal dysfunction, which may result in hyperkalemia
44
Q

Hematocrit level

A

Male: 42-52%
Female: 37-47%

45
Q

Respiratory acidosis S&S

A
  • Anxiety
  • Blurred vision
  • Confusion
  • SOB
  • Headache
  • Wheezing
46
Q

Respiratory acidosis lab values

A
  • PaCO2 > 40
  • pH < 7.35
  • Normal bicarb: 23-29

MedSurg (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions