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MedSurg > Cardiac Disorders > Flashcards

Cardiac Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Echocardiogram nursing implications

A

TEE:
- NPO 8 hours prior (little bit of water w meds)
- Sedation is given so needs ride home

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1
Q

Cardiac catheterization & angiography nursing implications

A
  • Maintain pt on flat bedrest for 2-6 hrs to prevent stress on insertion
  • Observe catheter site for bleed or hematoma
  • Assess renal function, H&H, coagulation
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2
Q

Echocardiogram purpose

A
  • Heart size
  • Pump function
  • Blood-volume status
  • Valvular integrity & function
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3
Q

Cardiac catheterization purpose

A
  • Cardiac filling pressures
  • Cardiac output
  • Valvular function

Mechanism: x-ray procedure where catheter enters vein/artery

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4
Q

Cardiac angiography purpose

A

Done w cardiac catheterization
- Inspect coronary artery for blockage and need for revascularization (CABG or PCI)

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5
Q

Difference between ischemia and infarction

A

Ischemia: lack of O2 d/t occlusion

Infarction: prolonged period of lack of O2 which causes cellular death (irreversible)

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6
Q

Stable angina

A
  • Fixed plaque
  • Predictable
  • Exacerbated w exercise, alleviated w rest/meds
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7
Q

Unstable angina

A
  • Occlusive thrombus (blockage)
  • Medical emergency
  • 1st phase of acute coronary syndrome
  • Precursor to MI
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8
Q

Prinzmetal angina

A
  • Not due to obstruction; abnormal spasms of arteries + atherosclerosis usually present
  • Spasms occlude vessels
  • Occur between 12am - 8 am
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9
Q

Stable angina management

A
  • Nitroglycerin
  • Other meds that reduce risk factors like DM, HTN, HD
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10
Q

Unstable angina management

A
  • MOAN/MONA: morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin (blood thinner)
  • Other meds: CCB, BB, anticoagulants
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11
Q

Prinzmetal angina management

A
  • Statins (lipitor)
  • ACE inhibitors
  • BB
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12
Q

Nitroglycerin administration

A
  • No more than 3 doses taken 5 minutes apart
  • Call 911 if pain (angina) persists after
  • Preferred route: sublingual, IV (fast absorption)
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13
Q

Nitroglycerin MOA

A

Vasodilates arteries and veins
- Converted into NO (vasodilator)

Prevents and treats angina in CAD

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14
Q

Cardiac catheterization risks

A

Dysrhythmia, Premature Ventricular Contractions (extra systolic beats), bleeding, infection, perforation

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15
Q

CAD pt teaching

A
  • When to call 911
  • Lifestyle management: cardiac rehab
  • Medication regimen
  • *Bleeding precautions
16
Q

CAD lifestyle management / prevention

A
  • *Cardiac rehab
  • Diet
  • Exercise
  • Smoking cessation
  • Alc cessation
  • Depression/anxiety assessment
17
Q

HF major risk factors (common)

A
  • CAD
  • HTN
  • *Diabetes
  • *Metabolic syndrome
  • *Smoking
  • High sodium intake
18
Q

HF major risk factors (other)

A
  • Valvular dysfunction
  • *Cardiomyopathies
  • Infections & inflamm HD (pericarditis/endocarditis)
  • *Dysrhythmias
  • *Cardiotoxic substances (alc, illicit drugs, chemo)
19
Q

What do HF diagnostic testing tell us

A
  • BNP: released when muscle overstretched d/t HF
  • Echocardiogram: show dilated L heart muscle w reduced ejection fraction
20
Q

HF diagnostic tests

A
  • Chest x-ray
  • *Echocardiogram
  • ECG
  • Multigated acquisition scan

Lab tests
- *BNP
- CBC
- Serum electrolytes
- Urinanalysis
- Lipid profile

21
Q

HF pt teaching

A
  • *Daily weight (to check fluid retention)
  • Cardiac rehab
  • Med management
  • Limit sodium intake
  • Exercise as tolerated
22
Q

HF nursing action

A
  • Fluid and sodium restriction
  • Administer meds: ACEi, diuretics, ARBs, BB, inotropic agents
  • Maintain adequate O2: administer O2, elevate head of bead, provide a fan
23
Q

CAD nursing action

A
  • Administer O2 (+ meds)
  • Obtain EKG

After PCI:
- Appropriate cardiac catheterization care
- Report & treat chest pain ASAP
- Administer coagulants
- Maintain fluids/bedrest

24
Q

EKG identify

A
  • Dysrhythmia
  • New/old heart damage
  • Electrolyte abnormalities
  • Cardiac hypertrophy (HTN causes heart to work harder)

MedSurg (15 decks)

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