Fluids & Electrolyte Flashcards
What solution would you give a pt who has been vomiting and constant diarrhea?
A) 0.45% NaCl
B) 0.9% NaCl
C) 5% Dextrose
D) 5% Dextrose in lactated ringer
B
Isotonic solutions include:
1) lactated Ringers
2) 0.9% Normal Saline
3) D5W (5% dextrose in water)
Hypotonic solutions include:
1) 0.45% saline
2) 0.33% saline
3) 2.5% dextrose in water
Hypertonic solutions include:
1) 5% dextrose in 0.9 normal saline
2) 5% dextrose in 0.45 saline
3) 5% dextrose in lactated ringer’s
What do isotonic solutions do?
Expand intravascular compartment
Who two isotonic solutions are crystaloids?
Normal saline & 5% dextrose in water
When to administer lactated ringer’s:
• hypovolemia (fluid deficit)
• it contains electrolytes so it has more to offer than saline
What solution would you give a pt with hyponatremia or hypercalcemia and why?
0.9% Normal Saline, because a deficit of Na+, the body requires more of it, and Calcium will follow Sodium; excess Ca+ will be urinated out.
Which isotonic solution would be given to a patient with hypovolemia but needs electrolytes too?
Lactated Ringer’s
5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s provides ______ & ______
Fluids and calories
What hypertonic solution treat SIADH?
5% Dextrose in 0.9% Normal Saline
Hypotonic solutions help with:
Hypernatremia; pulling fluids into the ICF due to the concentration of the new ECF(with administered solution) to be less concentrated then the cells
What do Basic metabolic panels measure?
Electrolytes
TPN puts the pt at risk of:
Electrolyte imbalance due to its high concentration
Symptoms of Hypernatremia:
• neurological impairment; disoriented, weak
• increased temperature (sweat it out)
Symptoms of hyponatremia:
• change in LOC
• confusion
• N + V
• cramping
• hypotension
Symptoms of Hyperkalemia:
• abdominal Pain
• Paresthesia
• nerve issues
• cardiac arrest
• muscle contract ability issues
Symptoms of Hypokalemia:
• muscle weakness
• fatigue
• paresthesia
• heart dysrhythmias
• postural hypotension
Foods with more Potassium:
• bananas
• potatoes
• whole grains
• legumes
Symptoms of hypercalcemia:
• polyuria
• polydipsia
• bone pain
• consultation
• N + V
Symptoms of hypocalcemia
• cramping
• paresthesia
• hypotension
• seizures
Symptoms of hypermagnesemia:
• reduced reflex
• respiratory depression
• hypotension
• vasodilation
• N + V
• flushed skin/ red
Symptoms of hypomagnesemia:
• increased reflexes
• respiratory paralysis
• tachycardia
• muscle weakness
• mental state changes
Causes of hypomagnesemia:
• alcohol withdrawal
• burns and sepsis
Causes of hypermagnesemia:
• laxatives with magnesium
• renal failure
Causes of hyperkalemia:
• NSAIDs
• renal failure
Causes of hypercalcemia:
• cancer
Causes of hypocalcemia:
• poor absorption or intake
Causes of hypokalemia:
• excessive excretion; vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics q
Normal body pH
7.45 - 7.45
Low urine pH is ______, and ___, ____ and ___ cause it.
< 4.6
• metabolic acidosis
• diabetic keypads
• diarrhea (pooping out bases)
High urine pH is ____, and ___, ___ and ___ cause it.
> 8.2
Respiratory alkalosis (not enough CO2), potassium depletion, renal failure
Specific urine gravity lab values:
0.015 - 0.025
Increase= dehydrated
Decrease= renal failure
Oliguria
Less than 400mL excreted out in 24hours
