Fluids

Question 1

what are the two types of fluids

Answer 1

crystalloid

colloid

Question 2

what sort of molecules do crystalloids contain?

Answer 2

contains electrolytes/ non electrolytes which diffuses across semi permeable membrane e.g. 5% dextrose 0.9% saline, hartmanns

Question 3

what sort of molecules do colloids contain?

Answer 3

large molecules (gelatin, dextrans) which can’t cross semi permeable membrane so causes an oncotic force

Question 4

what are colloids used for ?

Answer 4

fluid challenge

hypovolaemic shock

Question 5

what are three problems of colloids ?

Answer 5

anaphylaxis
volume overload
can interfere with cross matching therefore take blood for x match before using

Question 6

total water body weight is how much?

Answer 6

60% of total body weight

Question 7

what are the maintenance fluid requirements

Answer 7

30ml/kg/24hrs of fluid
1mmol/kg/24hrs of Na
1mmol/kg/24hrs of K
1mmol/kg/24hrs of Cl

Question 8

what components does hartmanns contain?

Answer 8

Na, Cl, K, Ca, Lactate

Question 9

what measurements/examination can be done to measure someones fluids needs?

Answer 9

cap refill, skin turgor, temp, HR, BP, RR, dry mucous membranes
check for catheters, chest drains, vomiting, diarrhoea

Question 10

what two acute conditions can affect fluid balance?

Answer 10

heart failure

gastroeneteritis

Question 11

what blood test is used to measure tissue perfusion?

Answer 11

lactate