fluid volume and electrolytes, vitamin replacement Flashcards
what is the difference between crystalloid and colloid?
crystalloid: used for fluid replacement (dehydration and electrolyte imbalance)
colloids: helps with volume depletion, plasma containers, contains protein
what are some examples of colloids?
dextran 75
albumin 5%
what are some foods high in potassium?
bananas
strawberries
oranges
avocados
tomatoes
mangoes
cucumbers
tuna
spinach
what are some signs of hyponatremia?
muscular weakness
headaches
lethargy
confusion
seizures
abdominal cramps
N/V
tachycardia
hypotension
what are some signs of hypernatremia?
flushed dry skin
agitation
elevated body temp
elevated BP
rough dry tongue
N/V
anorexia
tachycardia
muscular twitching
hyperreflexia
what does hypocalcemia look like?
tetany
positive chvostek’s and trosseau’s sign
larygneal spasm (voice getting hoarse)
what does hypercalcemia look like?
fatigue
lethargy
weakness
confusion -> hallucinations, seizures, coma
what does hypomagnesemia look like?
muscle cramps
tremors
hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
positive Chvostek’s and Trosseau’s sign
what does hypermagnesemia look like?
hypotension
facial flushing
lethargy
urinary retention
N/V
what are the fat-soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
what are the water-soluble vitamins?
B complex and C
why is an overdose of fat-soluble vitamins more dangerous than water-soluble vitamins?
vitamins will get stuck in fat, whereas you can use a diuretic for water-soluble vitamins
what vitamin is needed for calcium absorption?
vitamin D
what does vitamin K do?
synthesizes prothrombin and clotting factors
what vitamin is the antidote for oral anticoagulant overdose?
vitamin K
