fluid volume and electrolytes, vitamin replacement Flashcards
what is the difference between crystalloid and colloid?
crystalloid: used for fluid replacement (dehydration and electrolyte imbalance)
colloids: helps with volume depletion, plasma containers, contains protein
what are some examples of colloids?
dextran 75
albumin 5%
what are some foods high in potassium?
bananas
strawberries
oranges
avocados
tomatoes
mangoes
cucumbers
tuna
spinach
what are some signs of hyponatremia?
muscular weakness
headaches
lethargy
confusion
seizures
abdominal cramps
N/V
tachycardia
hypotension
what are some signs of hypernatremia?
flushed dry skin
agitation
elevated body temp
elevated BP
rough dry tongue
N/V
anorexia
tachycardia
muscular twitching
hyperreflexia
what does hypocalcemia look like?
tetany
positive chvostek’s and trosseau’s sign
larygneal spasm (voice getting hoarse)
what does hypercalcemia look like?
fatigue
lethargy
weakness
confusion -> hallucinations, seizures, coma
what does hypomagnesemia look like?
muscle cramps
tremors
hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
positive Chvostek’s and Trosseau’s sign
what does hypermagnesemia look like?
hypotension
facial flushing
lethargy
urinary retention
N/V
what are the fat-soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
what are the water-soluble vitamins?
B complex and C
why is an overdose of fat-soluble vitamins more dangerous than water-soluble vitamins?
vitamins will get stuck in fat, whereas you can use a diuretic for water-soluble vitamins
what vitamin is needed for calcium absorption?
vitamin D
what does vitamin K do?
synthesizes prothrombin and clotting factors
what vitamin is the antidote for oral anticoagulant overdose?
vitamin K
what does vitamin B deficit look like?
neuro-related symptoms
neurological disorders, memory loss, seizure, confusion
how does folic acid deficit affect pregnancy?
can affect fetal CNS development
what are some food sources for iron?
liver
lean meats
egg yolks
dried beans
spinach
fruit
