adult and pediatric emergency drugs

Question 1

what does disulfiram do?

Answer 1

best in newly abstinent, alcohol free for at least 12 hours
helps with alcohol use disorder - makes alcohol look unappealing and makes people VERY sick when they have it

Question 1

what does aspirin do to blood?

Answer 1

decreases platelet aggregation
for MI and acute coronary syndromes

Question 2

what does nitroglycerin do?

Answer 2

dilates coronary arteries
improves blood flow to an ischemic myocardium
treats MI, pulmonary edema, and chest pain

Question 3

what are the side effects of nitroglycerin?

Answer 3

hypotension
tachycardia
bradycardia

Question 4

what are the side effects of morphine sulfate?

Answer 4

respiratory depression
hypotension

Question 5

what is morphine sulfate’s antidote?

Answer 5

naloxone (antidote for opioids, not just morphine)

Question 6

what are the 3 A’s of cardiac drugs?

Answer 6

atropine, adenosine, amiodarone

Question 7

what does atropine do?

Answer 7

treats bradycardia and heart block

Question 8

what are the side effects of atropine?

Answer 8

dysrhythmias
bradycardia
MI
restlessness
anxiety
pupil dilation
thirst
urinary retention

Question 9

what does adenosine do?

Answer 9

treats paroxysmal SVT
slows conduction through AV node

Question 10

what are the side effects of adenosine?

Answer 10

brief asystole
ventricular ectopy
bradycardia
flushing
dyspnea
chest pain
hypotension

Question 11

what does amiodarone do?

Answer 11

treatment of life threatening ventricular dysrhythmias and cardiac arrest
stabilizes HR (like it slows down)

Question 12

what are the side effects of amiodarone?

Answer 12

hypotension
bradycardia

Question 13

what does diltiazem do?

Answer 13

treat PSVT (long-term)
slow ventricular response rate in atrial fibrillation or flutter

Question 14

what are the side effects of diltiazem?

Answer 14

dysrhythmias
bradycardia
heart block
hypotension

Question 15

what does lidocaine do?

Answer 15

treat significant ventricular dysrhythmias by decreasing myocardial irritability

Question 16

what are signs of lidocaine toxicity?

Answer 16

confusion
drowsiness
hearing impairment
myocardial depression
muscle twitching
seizures
cardiac conduction defects

Question 17

what does procainamide do?

Answer 17

treat ventricular tachycardia, PVCs, and rapid supraventricular dysrhythmias unresponsive to adenosine

Question 18

what are the side effects of procainamide?

Answer 18

severe hypotension
heart block
rhythm disturbance
cardiac arrest

Question 19

what does magnesium sulfate do?

Answer 19

treat refractory ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest caused by torsades de points, life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias from digitalis toxicity

Question 20

what does magnesium toxicity look like in a patient?

Answer 20

respiratory depression and arrest
circulatory collapse
cardiac arrest

Question 21

what is the antidote for magnesium toxicity?

Answer 21

calcium gluconate

Question 22

what are the side effects of magnesium sulfate?

Answer 22

hypotension
bradycardia
flushing
sweating
diarrhea
respiratory depression
flaccid paralysis
deep tendon reflex impairment
circulatory collapse

Question 23

what does epinephrine do?

Answer 23

treatment for cardiac emergencies, anaphylaxis, respiratory emergencies
opens up airway
increases BP (vasoconstriction) and HR (and perfusion)

Question 24

what are the two concentrations of epinephrine?

Answer 24

1:1000 1:10,000

Question 25

what is the standard concentration for epinephrine?

Answer 25

1:10,000

Question 26

what are the side effects of epinephrine?

Answer 26

myocardial ischemia dysrhythmias hypertension tachycardia angina excitability anxiety restlessness

Question 27

what drug will deactivate epinephrine?

Answer 27

sodium bicarbonate

Question 28

what does sodium bicarbonate do?

Answer 28

treats severe metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, acidotic states (from drug overdose) give ONLY after resuscitative efforts

Question 29

what does mannitol do?

Answer 29

osmotic diuretic used to treat cerebral edema and reduce intracranial pressure (pulls fluid from brain and into vascular space -> then it gets peed out)

Question 30

what are some nursing considerations for mannitol?

Answer 30

use filter needle monitor neurological status, BP, lab for electrolytes, I&O

Question 31

what does naloxone do?

Answer 31

reverses the effects of opiate drugs by binding to opiate receptor sites may need to be repeated

Question 32

what are some nursing considerations for naloxone?

Answer 32

monitoring for recurrent respiratory depression and hypotension monitor patient for combative or violent behavior

Question 33

what does activated charcoal do?

Answer 33

prevents absorption of toxins in GI tract

Question 34

what are some nursing considerations for activated charcoal?

Answer 34

do not administer with milk products (it will bind to milk) monitor patient for vomiting, aspiration do not give to unconscious patients inform patient that stools will be black

Question 35

what does dopamine do?

Answer 35

treat hypotensive shock states (vasoCONSTRICTION), increases HR when unresponsive to atropine

Question 36

what is the antidote for dopamine extravasation?

Answer 36

phentolamine

Question 37

what are some side effects of dopamine?

Answer 37

tachycardia dysrhythmias myocardial ischemia N/V

Question 38

what does dobutamine do?

Answer 38

improves cardiac contractility and increases HR, mild vasoDILATION

Question 39

what are some side effects of dobutamine?

Answer 39

myocardial ischemia tachycardia dysrhythmias headache nausea tremors

Question 40

what does norepinephrine do?

Answer 40

vasoconstrictor used in shock states (when unresponsive to dopamine or dobutamine)

Question 41

what are some side effects of norepinephrine?

Answer 41

myocardial ischemia dysrhythmias impaired organ perfusion

Question 42

what is a nursing consideration for norepinephrine?

Answer 42

assess IV site to avoid extravasation

Question 43

what does albuterol do?

Answer 43

bronchodilation in anaphylactic shock, asthma, COPD, inflammatory narrowing of airways

Question 44

what are some side effects of albuterol?

Answer 44

tachycardia** tremor nervousness** dysrhythmias hypertension

Question 45

what does diphenhydramine do?

Answer 45

it's benadryl so . yeah treats anaphylactic shock (long-term)

Question 46

what are some side effects of diphenhydramine?

Answer 46

drowsiness sedation confusion vertigo excitability hypotension tachycardia GI distress dry mouth

Question 47

what does dextrose 50% do?

Answer 47

treats hypoglycemia when glucagon doesn't work

Question 48

what are some nursing considerations for dextrose 50%

Answer 48

monitor blood glucose, osmotic diuresis, urine output monitor for phlebitis, extravasation

Question 49

what does glucagon do?

Answer 49

treats severe hypoglycemia

Question 50

what are some side effects of glucagon?

Answer 50

N/V hypersensitivity bronchospasm respiratory distress

Question 51

what does labetalol do?

Answer 51

beta blocker lowers HR, myocardial contractility, myocardial oxygen consumption reduces vasoconstriction

Question 52

what are some side effects of labetalol?

Answer 52

hypotension** bradycardia dizziness bronchospasm dysrhythmias

Question 53

what does nitroprusside do?

Answer 53

reduces severe hypertension (vasodilator)

Question 54

what are some nursing considerations for nitroprusside?

Answer 54

must be protected from light, wrap in opaque material or foil discard if solution has blue or brown discoloration

Question 55

what does thiocyanate (nitroprusside) toxicity look like?

Answer 55

metabolic acidosis profound hypotension dyspnea dizziness vomiting

Question 56

what does furosemide do?

Answer 56

it's lasix (loop diuretic) promotes renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, hydrogen, calcium, potassium

Question 57

what are some side effects of furosemide?

Answer 57

severe hypovolemia dehydration electrolyte imbalances

Question 58

what are some nursing considerations for furosemide?

Answer 58

monitor fluid and electrolytes, BUN, creatinine assess breath sounds, I&O

Question 59

what is the difference between naloxone and naltrexone?

Answer 59

naloxone - for overdose, short-term naltrexone - not for overdose, long-term

Question 60

why do you have to show your ID to buy dextromorphan?

Answer 60

it is used in meth, so you can only have a limited amount

Question 61

what does morphine sulfate do?

Answer 61

treat chest pain if nitroglycerin isn't working treats acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema dilates venous vessels reduces workload on heart