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pharm > adult and pediatric emergency drugs > Flashcards

adult and pediatric emergency drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what does disulfiram do?

A

best in newly abstinent, alcohol free for at least 12 hours
helps with alcohol use disorder - makes alcohol look unappealing and makes people VERY sick when they have it

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1
Q

what does aspirin do to blood?

A

decreases platelet aggregation
for MI and acute coronary syndromes

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2
Q

what does nitroglycerin do?

A

dilates coronary arteries
improves blood flow to an ischemic myocardium
treats MI, pulmonary edema, and chest pain

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3
Q

what are the side effects of nitroglycerin?

A

hypotension
tachycardia
bradycardia

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4
Q

what are the side effects of morphine sulfate?

A

respiratory depression
hypotension

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5
Q

what is morphine sulfate’s antidote?

A

naloxone (antidote for opioids, not just morphine)

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6
Q

what are the 3 A’s of cardiac drugs?

A

atropine, adenosine, amiodarone

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7
Q

what does atropine do?

A

treats bradycardia and heart block

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8
Q

what are the side effects of atropine?

A

dysrhythmias
bradycardia
MI
restlessness
anxiety
pupil dilation
thirst
urinary retention

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9
Q

what does adenosine do?

A

treats paroxysmal SVT
slows conduction through AV node

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10
Q

what are the side effects of adenosine?

A

brief asystole
ventricular ectopy
bradycardia
flushing
dyspnea
chest pain
hypotension

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11
Q

what does amiodarone do?

A

treatment of life threatening ventricular dysrhythmias and cardiac arrest
stabilizes HR (like it slows down)

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12
Q

what are the side effects of amiodarone?

A

hypotension
bradycardia

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13
Q

what does diltiazem do?

A

treat PSVT (long-term)
slow ventricular response rate in atrial fibrillation or flutter

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14
Q

what are the side effects of diltiazem?

A

dysrhythmias
bradycardia
heart block
hypotension

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15
Q

what does lidocaine do?

A

treat significant ventricular dysrhythmias by decreasing myocardial irritability

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16
Q

what are signs of lidocaine toxicity?

A

confusion
drowsiness
hearing impairment
myocardial depression
muscle twitching
seizures
cardiac conduction defects

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17
Q

what does procainamide do?

A

treat ventricular tachycardia, PVCs, and rapid supraventricular dysrhythmias unresponsive to adenosine

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18
Q

what are the side effects of procainamide?

A

severe hypotension
heart block
rhythm disturbance
cardiac arrest

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19
Q

what does magnesium sulfate do?

A

treat refractory ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest caused by torsades de points, life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias from digitalis toxicity

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20
Q

what does magnesium toxicity look like in a patient?

A

respiratory depression and arrest
circulatory collapse
cardiac arrest

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21
Q

what is the antidote for magnesium toxicity?

A

calcium gluconate

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22
Q

what are the side effects of magnesium sulfate?

A

hypotension
bradycardia
flushing
sweating
diarrhea
respiratory depression
flaccid paralysis
deep tendon reflex impairment
circulatory collapse

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23
Q

what does epinephrine do?

A

treatment for cardiac emergencies, anaphylaxis, respiratory emergencies
opens up airway
increases BP (vasoconstriction) and HR (and perfusion)

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24
Q

what are the two concentrations of epinephrine?

A

1:1000
1:10,000

25
Q

what is the standard concentration for epinephrine?

A

1:10,000

26
Q

what are the side effects of epinephrine?

A

myocardial ischemia
dysrhythmias
hypertension
tachycardia
angina
excitability
anxiety
restlessness

27
Q

what drug will deactivate epinephrine?

A

sodium bicarbonate

28
Q

what does sodium bicarbonate do?

A

treats severe metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, acidotic states (from drug overdose)

give ONLY after resuscitative efforts

29
Q

what does mannitol do?

A

osmotic diuretic used to treat cerebral edema and reduce intracranial pressure (pulls fluid from brain and into vascular space -> then it gets peed out)

30
Q

what are some nursing considerations for mannitol?

A

use filter needle
monitor neurological status, BP, lab for electrolytes, I&O

31
Q

what does naloxone do?

A

reverses the effects of opiate drugs by binding to opiate receptor sites
may need to be repeated

32
Q

what are some nursing considerations for naloxone?

A

monitoring for recurrent respiratory depression and hypotension
monitor patient for combative or violent behavior

33
Q

what does activated charcoal do?

A

prevents absorption of toxins in GI tract

34
Q

what are some nursing considerations for activated charcoal?

A

do not administer with milk products (it will bind to milk)
monitor patient for vomiting, aspiration
do not give to unconscious patients
inform patient that stools will be black

35
Q

what does dopamine do?

A

treat hypotensive shock states (vasoCONSTRICTION), increases HR when unresponsive to atropine

36
Q

what is the antidote for dopamine extravasation?

A

phentolamine

37
Q

what are some side effects of dopamine?

A

tachycardia
dysrhythmias
myocardial ischemia
N/V

38
Q

what does dobutamine do?

A

improves cardiac contractility and increases HR, mild vasoDILATION

39
Q

what are some side effects of dobutamine?

A

myocardial ischemia
tachycardia
dysrhythmias
headache
nausea
tremors

40
Q

what does norepinephrine do?

A

vasoconstrictor used in shock states (when unresponsive to dopamine or dobutamine)

41
Q

what are some side effects of norepinephrine?

A

myocardial ischemia
dysrhythmias
impaired organ perfusion

42
Q

what is a nursing consideration for norepinephrine?

A

assess IV site to avoid extravasation

43
Q

what does albuterol do?

A

bronchodilation in anaphylactic shock, asthma, COPD, inflammatory narrowing of airways

44
Q

what are some side effects of albuterol?

A

tachycardia**
tremor
nervousness**
dysrhythmias
hypertension

45
Q

what does diphenhydramine do?

A

it’s benadryl so . yeah

treats anaphylactic shock (long-term)

46
Q

what are some side effects of diphenhydramine?

A

drowsiness
sedation
confusion
vertigo
excitability
hypotension
tachycardia
GI distress
dry mouth

47
Q

what does dextrose 50% do?

A

treats hypoglycemia when glucagon doesn’t work

48
Q

what are some nursing considerations for dextrose 50%

A

monitor blood glucose, osmotic diuresis, urine output
monitor for phlebitis, extravasation

49
Q

what does glucagon do?

A

treats severe hypoglycemia

50
Q

what are some side effects of glucagon?

A

N/V
hypersensitivity
bronchospasm
respiratory distress

51
Q

what does labetalol do?

A

beta blocker

lowers HR, myocardial contractility, myocardial oxygen consumption
reduces vasoconstriction

52
Q

what are some side effects of labetalol?

A

hypotension**
bradycardia
dizziness
bronchospasm
dysrhythmias

53
Q

what does nitroprusside do?

A

reduces severe hypertension (vasodilator)

54
Q

what are some nursing considerations for nitroprusside?

A

must be protected from light, wrap in opaque material or foil
discard if solution has blue or brown discoloration

55
Q

what does thiocyanate (nitroprusside) toxicity look like?

A

metabolic acidosis
profound hypotension
dyspnea
dizziness
vomiting

56
Q

what does furosemide do?

A

it’s lasix (loop diuretic)
promotes renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, hydrogen, calcium, potassium

57
Q

what are some side effects of furosemide?

A

severe hypovolemia
dehydration
electrolyte imbalances

58
Q

what are some nursing considerations for furosemide?

A

monitor fluid and electrolytes, BUN, creatinine
assess breath sounds, I&O

59
Q

what is the difference between naloxone and naltrexone?

A

naloxone - for overdose, short-term
naltrexone - not for overdose, long-term

60
Q

why do you have to show your ID to buy dextromorphan?

A

it is used in meth, so you can only have a limited amount

61
Q

what does morphine sulfate do?

A

treat chest pain if nitroglycerin isn’t working
treats acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema
dilates venous vessels
reduces workload on heart

pharm (4 decks)

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